Table 2. State-Specific Age-Adjusted Depression Prevalence Among US Adults With Diabetes, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2011−2019.
| State | 2011 | 2013 | 2015 | 2017 | 2019 | Time Period 1 |
Time Period 2 |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Years | APC (95% CI) | Years | APC (95% CI) | ||||||
| Alabama | 38.6 | 31.2 | 37.1 | 42.8 | 29.8 | 2011–2019 | 0.9 (−3.1 to 5.1) | NA | NA |
| Alaska | 36.5 | 20.0 | 33.7 | 28.2 | 34.8 | −0.1 (−6.9 to 7.3) | |||
| Arizona | 34.9 | 34.0 | 37.3 | 27.0 | 26.1 | −5.1 (−8.2 to −1.9) | |||
| Arkansas | 38.0 | 37.5 | 35.7 | 33.7 | 26.7 | −1.9 (−4.8 to 1.1) | |||
| California | 16.2 | 19.9 | 19.3 | 22.8 | 17.3 | 3.3 (−0.9 to 7.7) | |||
| Colorado | 31.3 | 31.8 | 28.6 | 26.3 | 24.2 | −3.4 (−6.3 to −0.3) | |||
| Connecticut | 27.3 | 32.9 | 31.9 | 30.7 | 22.5 | 2011–2014 | 12.1 (−7.1 to 35.2) | 2014–2019 | −7.1 (−14.7 to 1.2) |
| District of Columbia | 29.4 | 35.6 | 22.6 | 21.6 | 25.4 | 2011–2019 | −3.5 (−7.7 to 0.9) | NA | NA |
| Delaware | 22.5 | 27.1 | 25.1 | 30.6 | 33.1 | 3.8 (−1.7 to 9.7) | |||
| Florida | 31.2 | 35.6 | 31.5 | 28.7 | 25.8 | −4.0 (−6.2 to −1.7) | |||
| Georgia | 27.4 | 31.5 | 34.8 | 27.6 | 21.2 | −1.9 (−6.4 to 2.8) | |||
| Hawaii | 20.7 | 17.6 | 15.1 | 17.6 | 21.9 | 1.9 (−4.7 to 8.8) | |||
| Idaho | 41.2 | 34.1 | 36.4 | 38.8 | 39.1 | −0.7 (−5.4 to 4.4) | |||
| Illinois | 17.2 | 22.0 | 24.0 | 28.9 | 31.5 | 5.9 (2.6 to 9.3) | |||
| Indiana | 34.4 | 27.8 | 27.3 | 41.8 | 28.9 | 0.2 (−4.7 to 5.3) | |||
| Iowa | 28.3 | 36.2 | 28.2 | 37.5 | 29.3 | −0.9 (−4.7 to 3.1) | |||
| Kansas | 27.0 | 31.4 | 35.4 | 38.8 | 33.3 | 3.5 (0.6 to 6.5) | |||
| Kentucky | 40.8 | 37.6 | 31.6 | 46.0 | 47.9 | 2.4 (−0.8 to 5.8) | |||
| Louisiana | 30.2 | 29.1 | 32.2 | 31.0 | 32.2 | 2.0 (−0.9 to 4.9) | |||
| Maine | 44.6 | 36.2 | 42.1 | 43.2 | 41.5 | 0.2 (−2.4 to 2.9) | |||
| Maryland | 21.5 | 24.9 | 26.9 | 32.7 | 24.3 | 0.0 (−4.5 to 4.6) | |||
| Massachusetts | 27.6 | 33.1 | 30.0 | 27.1 | 33.7 | 1.2 (−2.7 to 5.2) | |||
| Michigan | 35.1 | 35.1 | 29.5 | 35.1 | 34.0 | 1.1 (−2.1 to 4.4) | |||
| Minnesota | 29.1 | 41.5 | 33.1 | 32.2 | 30.9 | −0.6 (−5.0 to 3.9) | |||
| Mississippi | 31.8 | 32.6 | 26.0 | 32.3 | 38.1 | 2.7 (−0.7 to 6.2) | |||
| Missouri | 42.4 | 39.2 | 42.9 | 37.4 | 33.4 | −1.5 (−5.6 to 2.8) | |||
| Montana | 47.5 | 37.1 | 33.5 | 40.6 | 29.7 | −2.7 (−7.2 to 2.1) | |||
| Nebraska | 29.8 | 30.5 | 32.6 | 34.2 | 26.3 | 2011–2017 | 1.8 (−0.6 to 4.2) | 2017–2019 | −11.6 (−23.4 to 2.1) |
| Nevada | 27.5 | 32.3 | 30.0 | 25.9 | 19.9 | 2011–2019 | 0.2 (−5.6 to 6.4) | NA | NA |
| New Hampshire | 42.3 | 33.5 | 33.2 | 32.7 | 36.5 | −0.3 (−4.5 to 4.1) | |||
| New Jersey | 21.1 | 25.2 | 24.9 | 18.2 | NAa | 2011–2018 | −0.6 (−6.3 to 5.5) | ||
| New Mexico | 31.8 | 29.8 | 37.6 | 31.0 | 31.7 | 2011–2019 | −0.5 (−3.5 to 2.7) | ||
| New York | 26.4 | 27.9 | 28.6 | 27.2 | 24.0 | −1.9 (−4.6 to 0.8) | |||
| North Carolina | 28.3 | 34.7 | 35.3 | 30.1 | 37.6 | 1.2 (−1.5 to 3.9) | |||
| North Dakota | 39.2 | 35.8 | 24.3 | 35.8 | 26.3 | −1.7 (−7.7 to 4.6) | |||
| Ohio | 27.2 | 37.5 | 39.4 | 39.0 | 36.2 | 1.7 (−1.8 to 5.3) | |||
| Oklahoma | 36.9 | 46.5 | 40.3 | 32.1 | 33.4 | −2.1 (−5.8 to 1.7) | |||
| Oregon | 45.4 | 37.4 | 37.1 | 37.0 | 38.8 | 0.7 (−3.9 to 5.4) | |||
| Pennsylvania | 36.2 | 37.5 | 26.8 | 38.0 | 37.6 | 0.1 (−3.5 to 3.9) | |||
| Rhode Island | 40.9 | 33.3 | 46.8 | 30.0 | 26.9 | −4.1 (−10.9 to 3.3) | |||
| South Carolina | 20.5 | 30.8 | 31.5 | 32.1 | 32.1 | 2011–2013 | 23.4 (4.9 to 45.3) | 2013–2019 | 0.5 (−2.3 to 3.4) |
| South Dakota | 29.7 | 28.4 | 28.3 | 30.4 | 35.7 | 2011–2019 | 1.7 (−2.3 to 5.9) | NA | NA |
| Tennessee | 40.1 | 30.3 | 32.7 | 44.7 | 39.3 | 3.9 (−0.2 to 8.2) | |||
| Texas | 28.3 | 23.0 | 24.9 | 30.6 | 28.2 | 1.2 (−4.4 to 7.1) | |||
| Utah | 35.0 | 33.1 | 31.1 | 37.1 | 30.7 | −0.4 (−2.7 to 2.0) | |||
| Vermont | 37.3 | 44.1 | 34.6 | 41.5 | 31.7 | −2.4 (−6.3 to 1.6) | |||
| Virginia | 23.9 | 24.2 | 24.4 | 28.8 | 32.0 | 2.3 (−1.1 to 5.9) | |||
| Washington | 37.7 | 35.8 | 36.5 | 37.0 | 34.9 | −0.9 (−1.6 to −0.2) | |||
| West Virginia | 34.6 | 40.6 | 36.6 | 38.1 | 47.0 | 2.8 (0.0 to 5.7) | |||
| Wisconsin | 18.0 | 29.5 | 22.3 | 27.1 | 37.0 | 2.1 (−6.4 to 11.4) | |||
| Wyoming | 28.2 | 42.1 | 35.7 | 33.1 | 32.8 | −0.3 (−6.7 to 6.4) | |||
Abbreviations: APC, annual percentage change; NA, not applicable.
a
New Jersey had no survey data in 2019. Prevalence is shown for every other year over the study period for brevity. APC represents the estimated mean percentage change each year in depression prevalence for each period identified by joinpoint regression. APC for 1 time period is shown when joinpoint regression modeled prevalence over the study period as a monotonic linear trend. APC for 2 time periods is shown when joinpoint regression identified a change in linear trend. APC for 6 states (Arizona, Colorado, Florida, Illinois, Kansas, and Washington) was significant (P < .05).