Table 2.

Operationalization of the variables.

Variables	Cronbach's alpha	Operationalization (Sample items)
CEO narcissism	0.974	“Assertive”, “Arrogant”, “Egotistical”, “Boastful”, “Conceited”, “Show-off”, “Self-centered”, and “Temperamental”
Green innovation	0.926	Green process innovation: “minimizing the use of electricity, water, oil, or coal”, “minimizing the consumption of raw materials”, and “minimizing the emission of hazardous substances or waste”; Green product innovation: “selecting the product materials with the least pollution”, “using the fewest materials to produce products”, and “deliberately considering whether the products are easy to decompose, recycle and reuse”
Dynamic capability	0.947	Sensing: “participating in professional association activities, professional conferences or scientific conferences actively”, and “identifying target market opportunities and changing customer needs by using established processes”; Reconfiguration: “adopting substantial changed company strategies or new management methods” and “substantially recovering business processes”
Top management risk aversion	0.860	“top managers insist on avoiding taking big risks”, “senior managers believe that it is not worth taking higher risks to get higher returns”, and “senior managers support the implementation of innovative marketing strategies, being able to withstand some possible failures.”