Table 1.
Baseline characteristics in per-protocol set
| Total | High-hemoglobin group | Low-hemoglobin group | |
|---|---|---|---|
| n = 307 | n = 136 | n = 171 | |
| Male sex | 171 (56) | 73 (54) | 98 (57) |
| Age, years | 71 ± 11 | 71 ± 10 | 70 ± 11 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 22.2 ± 3.1 | 22.0 ± 3.2 | 22.4 ± 3.0 |
| Smoking | |||
| Current/ever | 245 (80) | 109 (80) | 136 (80) |
| Never | 34 (11) | 13 (9.6) | 21 (12) |
| Unknown | 28 (9.1) | 14 (10) | 14 (8.2) |
| Etiology of chronic kidney disease | |||
| Chronic glomerulonephritis | 83 (27) | 30 (22) | 53 (31) |
| Hypertensive nephrosclerosis | 164 (53) | 79 (58) | 85 (50) |
| Polycystic kidney disease | 30 (10) | 17 (12) | 13 ( 8) |
| Others | 30 (10) | 10 ( 7) | 20 (12) |
| History of cardiovascular disease | |||
| Acute myocardial infarction | 12 (3.9) | 5 (3.7) | 7 (4.1) |
| Heart failure | 29 (9.4) | 17 (12) | 12 (7.0) |
| Stroke | 27 (8.8) | 13 (9.6) | 14 (8.2) |
| Peripheral artery disease | 5 (1.7) | 1 (0.7) | 4 (2.4) |
| Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents naive | 214 (70) | 97 (71) | 117 (68) |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 132 ± 15 | 131 ± 17 | 132 ± 14 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 72 ± 12 | 71 ± 12 | 73 ± 11 |
| eGFR, ml/min/1.73 m2 | 14 ± 3 | 14 ± 3 | 14 ± 3 |
| Chronic kidney disease | |||
| Stage 4 | 122 (40) | 59 (43) | 63 (37) |
| Stage 5 | 185 (60) | 77 (57) | 108 (63) |
| Hemoglobin, g/dl | 9.4 ± 0.5 | 9.4 ± 0.5 | 9.3 ± 0.6 |
| Ferritin, ng/ml | 148 (96–233) | 144 (92–222) | 150 (97–241) |
| Transferrin saturation, % | 32 ± 11 | 32 ± 11 | 33 ± 11 |
| Uric acid, mg/dl | 7.2 ± 1.7 | 7.2 ± 1.8 | 7.2 ± 1.6 |
| Albumin, g/dl | 3.8 ± 0.4 | 3.8 ± 0.4 | 3.8 ± 0.4 |
| Proteinuria, mg/dl | 58 (21–116) | 47 (20–113) | 61 (25–117) |
| C-reactive protein, mg/dl | 0.09 (0.03–0.20) | 0.09 (0.03–0.20) | 0.08 (0.03–0.20) |
| Iron supplements | 91 (30) | 42 (31) | 49 (29) |
| Antihypertensive drugs | 278 (91) | 124 (91) | 154 (90) |
| ACE inhibitors | 38 (12) | 17 (12) | 21 (12) |
| Angiotensin II receptor blockers | 187 (61) | 91 (67) | 96 (56) |
| Lipid-lowering drugs | 116 (38) | 55 (40) | 61 (36) |
| Spherical carbonaceous adsorbent | 63 (21) | 27 (20) | 36 (21) |
eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, ACE angiotensin-converting enzyme
Continuous variables are presented as mean ± standard deviation if normally distributed, and as median (interquartile range) if non-normally distributed. Categorical variables are presented as n (percent)