Table 1.
Summary of acute feedback studies included in the systematic review
| Study | Participants | Feedback type(s) | Exercise(s) and load(s) | Outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Argus et al. 2011 [13] |
9 males Age: 22.1 ± 2.1 |
Verbal mean velocity feedback following each repetition | Bench throw at 40 kg | Peak power and peak velocity |
| Campenella et al. 2000 [52] |
15 males and 15 females Age: 25.4 ± 2.4 |
Visual torque graph display after each repetition with verbal encouragement Visual torque graph display after each repetition |
Leg extension at 60 deg·s−1 Leg flexion at 60 deg·s−1 |
Peak leg extension torque and peak leg flexion torque |
| Chalker et al. 2018 [47] |
Feedback group 1 24 males Age: 18.3 ± 3.5 Feedback group 2 20 males Age: 18.9 ± 4.6 |
Visual time-force output display during each repetition | Bodyweight Nordic hamstring exercise | Peak force and inter-limb asymmetry |
| Ekblom and Eriksson 2012 [50] |
7 females Age: 21.4 ± 1.1 |
Visual EMG feedback |
Leg extension at 20 deg·s−1 Leg flexion at 20 deg·s−1 |
Mean torque and EMGrms |
| Hopper et al. 2003 [51] |
Feedback group 1 8 females Age: 18.6 ± 1.66 Feedback group 2 8 females Age: 21.1 ± 1.7 |
Visual power output feedback after each repetition | 45 deg. leg press at 50 kg | Power output |
| Jiménez-Alonso et al. 2022 [18] |
15 males Age: 20.5 ± 3 |
Verbal mean velocity feedback following each repetition | Bench press at 40%, 55% and 70% 1RM | Mean velocity |
| Jiménez-Alonso et al. 2022 [46] |
17 males Age: 20.2 ± 2.7 |
Verbal mean velocity feedback following each repetition |
Bench press at 75% 1RM Back squat at 75% 1RM Bench throw at 30% 1RM Jump squat at 30% 1RM |
Mean velocity and peak velocity |
| Kimura et al. 1999 [53] |
15 males and 15 females Age: 27.3 |
Visual torque graph display after each repetition with verbal encouragement Visual torque graph display after each repetition |
Leg extension at 60 deg·s−1 Leg flexion at 60 deg·s−1 |
Peak leg extension torque and peak leg flexion torque |
| Ok and Bae 2019 [15] |
8 (gender N/A) Age: 21.0 ± 0.42 |
Visual mean velocity feedback following each repetition | Back squat at 65% and 85% 1RM | Number of repetitions, total work, volume load, peak power, peak force, and peak velocity |
| Pérez-Castilla et al. 2020 [17] |
15 males Age: 19.9 ± 2.7 |
Verbal mean velocity feedback following each repetition, half a set or complete set |
Bench throw at 30% 1RM Jump squat at 30% 1RM |
Peak velocity |
| Weakley et al. 2020 [14] |
12 males Age: 21.8 ± 0.9 |
Verbal and visual mean velocity feedback following each repetition | Back squat at 69.8% 1RM | Mean velocity and conscientiousness |
| Weakley et al. 2019 [16] |
15 males Age: 17.1 ± 0.5 |
Visual mean velocity feedback following each repetition | Back squat at 60.5% 1RM | Mean velocity, subjective motivation and competitiveness, and NASA-TLX |
| Wilson et al. 2017 [45] |
15 males Age: 17.1 ± 0.5 |
Visual mean velocity feedback following each repetition | Back squat at 60.5% 1RM | Mean velocity, subjective motivation and competitiveness, and NASA-TLX |
1RM one repetition maximum, deg.s−1 degrees per second, EMG electromyographic, EMGrms electromyographic root-mean-square, NASA-TLX National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index