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. 2023 Apr 27;15(8):1944–1958. doi: 10.1111/os.13731

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© 2023 The Authors. Orthopaedic Surgery published by Tianjin Hospital and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.

This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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Comparison‐adjusted funnel plot. The red full line represents the null hypothesis that the study‐specific effect sizes do not differ from the respective comparison‐specific pooled effect estimates. The two black dashed lines represent a 95% CI for the difference between study specific effect sizes and comparison‐specific summary estimates. yixy is the noted effect size in study i that compares x with y. lxy is the comparison‐specific summary estimate for x versus y. A, HP; B, TR; C, TG; D, EB; E, SA.