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. 2023 Aug 16;11:45. doi: 10.1038/s41413-023-00279-4

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1

Metformin promotes angiogenesis under hypoxic conditions in vitro. Representative images (a) of the transwell migration assay with quantification of crystal violet-stained migrated HMECs (b) treated with metformin under different oxygen concentrations (21% and 1% O2). Met: metformin. Scale bar: 100 μm. n = 3 per group. Representative images (c) of tube formation of HMECs on Matrigel with quantification of the total branching points (d), total tube length (e), and total loop numbers (f). Scale bar: 200 μm. n = 3 per group. g CCK-8 analysis of the proliferation of HMECs. n = 4 per group. h qRT‒PCR analysis of the mRNA levels of the HIF-1α target genes Vegfa and Lrg1 in HMECs with or without metformin treatment under different oxygen concentrations. n = 3 per group. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001