Table 2.

Summary of encapsulation of core materials with the cell membrane from different cells.

Source cells	Core materials	Application	Tumor cell type	Size (nm)	Ref.
Tumor cells	CpG, αHSP70p, phosphate calcium	Kill tumor cells and activate the innate NK cells and adaptive cytotoxic T cells immune response for tumor regression	B16OVA	200	[147]
Macrophages	Nano-gemcitabine System	Promote the CD8+ T cells and NK cells infiltration in tumors and synergize anti-PD-L1 to restore their tumoricidal function for cancer immunotherapy	4T1, CT-26, PANC02	94	[148]
Red blood cells	Perfluorohexane, glucose oxidase	Exhaust glucose to produce the toxicity of H2O2 for killing tumor cells and re-educating M2-type TAMs into M1 type	4T1	190	[151]
NK cells	TCPP, mPEG-PLGA	Cause tumor cell death through photodynamic therapy and enhance the efficacy of anti-tumor immunity	4T1	80 ± 1.5	[152]
NK cells	DOX	Extend the circulation half-life and enhance tumor homing efficiency of nanomaterials for tumor chemotherapy and immunotherapy	MCF-7	70	[153]
NK cells	AIEdots	Cross the BBB for high contrast tumor imaging and photothermal therapy of glioma	U-87 MG	78	[154]
NK cells	Hollow mesoporous silica loaded with AIPH and (TA)/Fe3+	Consume GSH and enhance free radical therapy	HepG2	153.2 ± 16.2	[155]