Table 2.
Overview of accuracy and oncologic outcome of axillary staging techniques.
| Study/Trial | Design | Population | No. of patientsa | No. of LN removed | IR | FNR | Follow-up | Axillary recurrence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy | ||||||||
| ACOSOG Z1071 Boughey et al. [41] |
Prospective | cT1-4 cN1-2 | cN1: 663 cN2: 38 |
Median 2 (IQR 1–4) | 93% | 12,6% | – | – |
|
SENTINA Kuehn et al. [40] |
Prospective | cN1-2 converted to ycN0 (Arm C) | 592 | Median 2 | 80% | 14,2% | – | – |
| Zetterlund et al. [42] | Prospective | cT1-4d cN1 (biopsy proven) | 195 | Median 2 (range 2–5) | 79% | 12.6% | – | – |
|
SN FNAC Morency et al. [43] |
Prospective | cT0-3 cN1-2 (biopsy proven) | 153 | – | 88% | 8.4% | – | – |
|
GANEA-2 Classe et al. [44] |
Prospective | cT1-3 cN1-2 (biopsy proven) | 307 | Median 2 (range 1–8) | 80% | 11.9% | – | – |
| Kahler-Ribeiro-Fontana et al. [53] | Retrospective | cT1-3 cN1-2 converted to ycN0 | 123 | Median 2 (range 1–6) | – | – | 10 years | 1.6% |
| Martelli et al. [54] | Prospective | cT2 cN1 | 91 (81 ypN0/10 ypN1) | Median 2 (range 1–8) | – | – | 7 years | 0% |
| Wong et al. [55] | Retrospective | cT1-3 cN1-2 converted to ycN0 | 102 (67 ypN0/35 ypN1) | Median 4 (IQR 3–6) | – | – | 3 years | 2.9% (ypN1) |
| Barrio et al. [56] | Retrospective | cT1-3 cN1 (biopsy proven) converted to ycN0 | 234 | Median 4 (IQR 3–5) | – | – | 3 years | 0.4% |
| Piltin et al. [57] | Retrospective | cT1-4 cN1-3 | 159 (139 ypN0/20 ypN1) | Median 3 (range 1–12) | – | – | 3 years | 0,6% |
| Targeted Axillary Dissection | ||||||||
|
TAD Caudle et al. [25] |
Prospective | cT1-4 cN+ | 85 | – | – | 2,0% | – | – |
|
RISAS Simons et al. [24] |
Prospective | cT1-4 cN1-3 | 212 (n = 227) | Median 2 (range 1–8) | 98% | 3.5% | – | – |
|
TATTOO Boniface et al. [48] |
Prospective | cT1-4 cN1-3 | 149 | – | 99% | 4.9% | ||
|
SenTa Kuemmel et al. [49] |
Prospective | cT1-4 cN+ | 91 | – | 85% | 4.3% | – | – |
|
ILINA trial Siso et al. [51] |
Prospective | cT1-3 cN+ | 35 | Median 3 | 96% | 4.1% | ||
|
TAXIS Weber et al. [58] |
Prospective | cT1-4 cN+ (by palpation or imaging) | 125 | Median 4 | – | 0% | – | – |
| Wu et al. [50]Wu et al. [50]Wu et al. | Prospective | cT1-3 cN1-3 | 92 | Median 3 | 97% | 10.8% | ||
| Marking the Axillary node with an Radioactive Iodine seed | ||||||||
|
MARI Donker et al. [23] |
Prospective | cT1-4 cN1-3 | 100 | – | 97% | 7.0% | ||
|
MARI Loevezijn et al. [52] |
Prospective | cT1-4 cN1-3 | 272 | Median 1 (IQR 1–2) | – | – | 3 years | 1.8% |
Abbreviations: SLNB, Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy; TAD; Targeted Axillary Dissection, MARI; Marking the Axillary node with an Radioactive Iodine seed; IR, identification rate.
FNR, False Negative Rate.
a
: Number of patients that underwent SLNB/TAD/MARI.