Table 1.
Composition of experimental diets in starter phase, as fed basis.1
| Item | Control | Flaxseed inclusion, %2 |
Yeast bioactives inclusion, %3 |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 3 | 5 | 0.025 | 0.05 | 0.10 | ||
| Corn | 43.5 | 43.2 | 42.5 | 41.8 | 43.5 | 43.5 | 43.4 |
| Soybean meal | 29.2 | 28.7 | 27.8 | 26.8 | 29.2 | 29.2 | 29.2 |
| Wheat | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 |
| Barley | 5.00 | 5.00 | 5.00 | 5.00 | 5.00 | 5.00 | 5.00 |
| Corn germ meal, 60% | 3.00 | 3.00 | 3.00 | 3.00 | 3.00 | 3.00 | 3.00 |
| Wheat middlings | 2.50 | 2.50 | 2.50 | 2.50 | 2.50 | 2.50 | 2.50 |
| Soy oil | 2.49 | 2.29 | 1.89 | 1.49 | 2.49 | 2.49 | 2.49 |
| Monocalcium phosphate | 2.15 | 2.15 | 2.14 | 2.14 | 2.15 | 2.15 | 2.15 |
| Limestone | 0.86 | 0.86 | 0.87 | 0.88 | 0.86 | 0.86 | 0.86 |
| Vitamins and trace minerals premix4 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 |
| Salt | 0.29 | 0.29 | 0.29 | 0.29 | 0.29 | 0.29 | 0.29 |
| Sodium bicarbonate | 0.21 | 0.21 | 0.21 | 0.21 | 0.21 | 0.21 | 0.21 |
| L-Lysine HCl | 0.15 | 0.16 | 0.16 | 0.17 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 |
| DL-Methionine, 99% | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.11 | 0.11 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 |
| L-Threonine, 98% | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.04 |
| Flaxseed | - | 1.00 | 3.00 | 5.00 | - | - | - |
| Yeast bioactives | - | - | - | - | 0.025 | 0.05 | 0.10 |
| Calculated provisions | |||||||
| AME, kcal/kg | 2,800 | 2,800 | 2,800 | 2,800 | 2,800 | 2,800 | 2,800 |
| Crude protein, % | 20.0 | 20.0 | 20.0 | 20.0 | 20.0 | 20.0 | 20.0 |
| SID Lys, % | 0.98 | 0.98 | 0.98 | 0.98 | 0.98 | 0.98 | 0.98 |
| SID Met + Cys, % | 0.68 | 0.68 | 0.68 | 0.68 | 0.68 | 0.68 | 0.68 |
| SID Thr, % | 0.65 | 0.65 | 0.65 | 0.65 | 0.65 | 0.65 | 0.65 |
| Calcium, % | 1.05 | 1.05 | 1.05 | 1.05 | 1.05 | 1.05 | 1.05 |
| Available phosphorus, % | 0.48 | 0.48 | 0.48 | 0.48 | 0.48 | 0.48 | 0.48 |
| Chloride, % | 0.23 | 0.23 | 0.23 | 0.23 | 0.23 | 0.23 | 0.23 |
| Sodium, % | 0.18 | 0.18 | 0.18 | 0.18 | 0.18 | 0.18 | 0.18 |
| Analyzed provisions | |||||||
| Dry matter, % | 87.0 | 87.3 | 87.6 | 87.8 | 87.6 | 87.7 | 87.4 |
| Crude protein, % | 20.1 | 19.8 | 20.9 | 20.7 | 20.6 | 21.2 | 20.0 |
| Gross energy, kcal/kg | 3,993 | 3,987 | 3,959 | 4,021 | 4,096 | 4,055 | 4,088 |
| Crude fat, % | 5.60 | 5.91 | 3.74 | 3.83 | 4.10 | 4.45 | 4.44 |
| Calcium, % | 0.87 | 0.86 | 0.85 | 0.86 | 0.82 | 0.86 | 0.86 |
| Phosphorus, % | 0.66 | 0.68 | 0.68 | 0.65 | 0.64 | 0.68 | 0.66 |
| Fatty acids, % of total fat | |||||||
| C18:3 | 5.26 | 7.33 | 10.6 | 14.5 | - | - | - |
| C20:5 | 0.11 | 0.10 | 0.09 | 0.09 | - | - | - |
| C22:6 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | - | - | - |
| ∑ n-3 | 5.26 | 7.33 | 10.6 | 14.5 | - | - | - |
| ∑ n-6 | 47.2 | 51.2 | 50.6 | 48.0 | - | - | - |
| ∑ n-6: ∑ n-3 ratio | 8.98 | 6.98 | 4.76 | 3.31 | - | - | - |
Starter: 0 to 3 wk of age (woa).
Co-extruded full-fat flaxseed and pulse mixture (1:1 wt/wt), as a source of a-linolenic acid, O & T Farms Ltd., Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
Enzymatically bio-processed yeast cell walls from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, as a source of yeast bioactives (CBS Bio Platforms Inc., Calgary, Canada).
Provided in kg of diet: vitamin A (retinol), 10,000 IU; vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol), 3,000 IU; vitamin E, 100 mg; vitamin K3 (menadione), 5.0 mg; vitamin B1 (thiamin), 4.0 mg; vitamin B2 (riboflavin), 10.0 mg; vitamin B3 (niacin), 50.0 mg; vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid), 20.0 mg; vitamin B6 (pyridoxine), 4.0 mg; vitamin B9 (folic acid), 2.0 mg; vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin), 30.0 mg; biotin, 200 mcg; choline, 400.0 mg; Mg, 110 mg; Zn, 80 mg; Fe, 40.0 mg; Cu, 10.0 mg; I, 1 mg, Se, 0.31 mg.