Table 8.

Concentration of plasma metabolites in Lohmann LSL-Lite pullets upon challenge with to E. coli lipopolysaccharide when fed flaxseed (FFF) and yeast bioactives (YB) from hatch.¹

Item	Total protein, g/L	Albumin (A), g/L	Globulin (G), g/L	A:G ratio	Glucose, mmol/L	Cholesterol, mmol/L	Uric acid, μmol/L	Bile acid, μmol/L	Carbon dioxide, mmol/L
LPS
-	43.87	17.06a	26.82	0.645a	13.12a	3.21b	202.9b	12.41b	15.21
+	43.86	16.43b	27.41	0.608b	12.40b	3.37a	224.5a	18.39a	14.90
SEM	0.329	0.145	0.300	0.009	0.079	0.031	5.864	0.812	0.161
Diet
Control	43.31	16.52	26.79	0.623	12.80	3.33b	228.6	20.49a	15.23
1% FFF	43.78	16.92	26.86	0.642	12.88	3.23bc	211.3	14.16b	15.10
3% FFF	43.19	16.16	27.03	0.609	12.67	3.10c	215.1	14.03b	14.94
5% FFF	44.09	16.75	27.34	0.619	12.85	3.11c	211.8	15.25b	14.91
0.025% YB	43.68	16.92	26.77	0.639	12.73	3.36b	195.8	14.10b	15.11
0.05% YB	43.99	16.97	26.95	0.642	12.83	3.35b	230.0	14.24b	14.96
0.10% YB	45.03	16.97	28.06	0.611	12.56	3.54a	203.3	15.53b	15.16
SEM	0.615	0.270	0.562	0.017	0.148	0.058	10.970	1.519	0.302
Time, h
6	42.78b	15.90b	26.86	0.600b	12.58b	3.06b	204.3b	14.40	14.48b
12	44.96a	17.59a	27.37	0.653a	12.94a	3.52a	223.1a	16.40	15.63a
SEM	0.329	0.145	0.300	0.009	0.079	0.031	5.864	0.812	0.161
P-values
LPS	0.983	0.002	0.162	0.005	<0.0001	0.0003	0.010	<0.0001	0.167
Diet	0.428	0.266	0.666	0.635	0.727	<0.0001	0.270	0.036	0.985
Time	<0.0001	<0.0001	0.238	<0.0001	0.002	<0.0001	0.024	0.082	<0.0001
LPS*Diet	0.343	0.099	0.496	0.536	0.381	0.165	0.689	0.619	0.866
LPS*Time	<0.0001	<0.0001	0.137	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	0.014	0.018	<0.0001
Diet*Time	0.616	0.709	0.373	0.323	0.779	0.232	0.920	0.894	0.307
LPS*Diet*Time	0.555	0.589	0.309	0.236	0.739	0.297	0.796	0.836	0.716

¹Co-extruded full-fat flaxseed and pulse mixture (FFF, 1:1 wt/wt), as a source of a-linolenic acid Enzymatically bio-processed yeast cell walls from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, as a source of yeast bioactives.

^a,bWithin a column, LSmeans without a common superscript differ P < 0.05.