. 2023 Jul 18;102(10):102940. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102940

Table 9.

Concentration of plasma enzymes and minerals in Lohmann LSL-Lite pullets upon challenge with to E. coli lipopolysaccharide when fed flaxseed (FFF) and yeast bioactives (YB) from hatch.¹

	Enzymes², U/L							Minerals, mmol/L
	Amylase	AST	CK	GGT	GLDH	LDH	Lipase	Calcium	Phosphorous	Sodium	Potassium	Chloride
LPS
-	374.8^b	209.9^b	2,790.7	19.36^a	3.18^b	459.7	9.02^a	2.29	1.47	151.2^a	5.93^a	111.3^a
+	445.2^a	325.2^a	2,706.3	17.67^b	5.87^a	716.5	6.92^b	2.27	1.52	148.5^b	5.54^b	109.2^b
SEM	10.47	15.69	179.39	0.277	0.666	128.29	0.392	0.028	0.020	0.264	0.041	0.199
Diet
Control	404.8	349.9^a	1,833.6^b	18.67	5.58^a	560.5	9.09^a	2.29	1.55	149.0	5.95^a	109.9
1% FFF	412.7	228.1^b	2,868.1^a	18.08	7.00^a	665.7	8.58^ab	2.23	1.51	150.2	6.11^a	110.7
3% FFF	452.8	235.2^b	2,895.8^a	19.16	4.34^a	452.8	9.69^a	2.21	1.49	149.8	5.72^b	110.4
5% FFF	405.1	289.5^ab	3,273.5^a	19.06	4.72^a	1,026.2	7.97^abc	2.26	1.46	149.9	5.73^b	110.4
0.025% YB	395.8	258.7^b	2,748.8^a	17.85	2.83^b	456.0	7.71^abc	2.26	1.45	149.5	5.58^bc	109.9
0.05% YB	405.6	249.5^b	2,864.8^a	17.97	2.21^b	455.1	6.56^bc	2.33	1.50	151.0	5.58^bc	110.8
0.10% YB	393.2	261.6^b	2,755.1^a	18.81	5.00^a	500.7	6.22^c	2.38	1.48	149.8	5.50^c	109.6
SEM	19.59	29.34	335.60	0.519	1.246	240.0	0.734	0.052	0.037	0.495	0.076	0.372
Time, h
6	424.5^a	300.8^a	4,346.8^a	18.60	4.48	822.8^a	6.71^b	2.29	1.43^b	149.4^b	5.79^a	110.2
12	395.5^b	234.3^b	1,150.2^b	18.43	4.57	353.4^b	9.24^a	2.26	1.55^a	150.4^a	5.69^b	110.3
SEM	10.47	15.69	179.39	0.277	0.666	128.29	0.392	0.028	0.020	0.264	0.041	0.199
P-values
LPS	<0.0001	<0.0001	0.740	<0.0001	0.005	0.159	0.0002	0.562	0.084	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001
Diet	0.392	0.072	0.121	0.368	0.130	0.604	0.007	0.225	0.554	0.152	<0.0001	0.207
Time	0.051	0.003	<0.0001	0.663	0.924	0.010	<0.0001	0.418	<0.0001	0.007	0.096	0.657
LPS*Diet	0.703	0.789	0.010	0.867	0.255	0.391	0.176	0.599	0.881	0.181	<0.0001	0.031
LPS*Time	<0.0001	0.543	0.186	0.090	0.058	0.185	0.367	0.791	0.413	<0.0001	0.205	<0.0001
Diet*Time	0.424	0.452	0.238	0.646	0.424	0.537	0.264	0.235	0.004	0.581	0.181	0.481
LPSDietTime	0.648	0.490	0.030	0.877	0.250	0.421	0.691	0.692	0.212	0.160	0.268	0.070

Co-extruded full-fat flaxseed and pulse mixture (FFF, 1:1 wt/wt), as a source of a-linolenic acid; Enzymatically bio-processed yeast cell walls from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, as a source of yeast bioactives.

AST: aspartate aminotransferase; CK: creatine kinase; LDH: lactate dehydrogenase; GGT: gamma-glutamyl transferase; GLDH: glutamate dehydrogenase; LDH: lactate dehydrogenase.

^a,b

Within a column, LSmeans without a common superscript differ P < 0.05.