Fig. 6.

Schematic diagram of the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in wound repair. EVs have pro-repair and anti-scarring roles through macrophages in the inflammatory phase, through endothelial cells in the proliferative phase, and through fibroblasts in the remodeling phase. EV-associated miRNAs and proteins regulate the activity of these three types of cells. miR micro ribonucleic acid, FGF fibroblast growth factor, VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor, eNOS endothelial nitric oxide synthase, IL interleukin, TGF-β transforming growth factor β, MMP matrix metalloproteinase, TIMP tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase