Table 1.
Patient characteristics
| Overall | RV GLS abnormal | RV GLS normal | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (> − 15.4%) | (≤ − 15.4%) | |||
| N = 659 | N = 144 | N = 515 | ||
| Demographical data | ||||
| Gender (male) n (%) | 414 (62.8) | 102 (70.8) | 312 (60.6) | 0.024 |
| Age [years] mean ± SD | 48.1 ± 16.1 | 49.5 ± 15.4 | 47.7 ± 16.3 | 0.240 |
| BMI [kg/m2] mean ± SD | 27.4 ± 5.9 | 28.4 ± 6.6 | 27.2 ± 5.7 | 0.024 |
| BSA [m2] mean ± SD | 2.0 ± 0.3 | 2.0 ± 0.3 | 2.0 ± 0.3 | 0.319 |
| Myocarditis symptoms n (%) | ||||
| Chest pain | 248 (37.8) | 25 (17.4) | 223 (43.3) | < 0.001 |
| Arrhythmiaa | 124 (18.8) | 25 (17.4) | 99 (19.2) | 0.613 |
| Dyspnea NYHA II, III or IV | 297 (45.1) | 95 (67.4) | 202 (39.2) | < 0.001 |
| Time symptom onset to CMR [days] median (IQR)c | 10 (4–28) | 14 (7–28) | 8 (4–28) | 0.038 |
| Biomarkers | ||||
| Troponin T [ng/l] median (IQR) | 19 (1–115) | 5 (1–28) | 29 (1–198) | < 0.001 |
| Above cutoffb n (% of availablec) | 186 (55) | 28 (37.8) | 158 (59.8) | 0.001 |
| Creatine kinase [U/l] median (IQR) | 180 (80–505) | 135 (56–416) | 198 (89–523) | 0.072 |
| Above cutoffb n (% of availablec) | 159 (56.4) | 27 (44.3) | 132 (59.7) | 0.031 |
| ECG n (% of availablec) | ||||
| Left bundle branch block | 55 (9.2) | 22 (16.9) | 33 (7.1) | 0.001 |
| Right bundle branch block | 37 (5.6) | 7 (5.4) | 30 (6.4) | 0.673 |
| ST-segment elevation | 57 (8.6) | 6 (4.6) | 51 (10.9) | 0.029 |
BMI: body-mass-index; BSA: body surface area; CMR: cardiovascular magnetic resonance; ECG: electrocardiogram; IQR: interquartile range; NYHA: New York Heart Association; RV GLS: right ventricular global longitudinal strain; SD: standard deviation
aArrhythmia comprised ECG-documented sustained and non-sustained ventricular tachycardia
bCutoff values for elevated troponin T and creatine kinase were time- and site-specific according to the essay used for analysis, and > 190U/l, respectively
cDate of symptom onset was available in 393 (59.6%) patients, troponin T was available in 338 (51.3%) patients, and creatine kinase in 282 (42.8%) patients. ECG was available in 598 (90.7%) patients