Table 2.
Imaging findings
| Overall | RV GLS abnormal | RV GLS normal | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (> − 15.4%) | (≤ − 15.4%) | |||
| N = 659 | N = 144 | N = 515 | ||
| Cardiac function mean ± SD | ||||
| LV EDV [ml] | 192 ± 69.8 | 235.8 ± 91.6 | 180.6 ± 57.8 | < 0.001 |
| LV EDV/BSA [ml/m2] | 98.7 ± 33.9 | 119.6 ± 45.1 | 93.2 ± 27.9 | < 0.001 |
| LV EF [%] | 48.4 ± 15.1 | 35.7 ± 17 | 51.9 ± 12.5 | < 0.001 |
| LV EF< 51% n (%) | 297 (45.6) | 108 (77.1) | 189 (37.0) | < 0.001 |
| RV EDV [ml] | 161.2 ± 49.8 | 180.6 ± 59.6 | 156.1 ± 45.6 | < 0.001 |
| RV EDV/BSA [ml/m2] | 82.3 ± 21 | 90.6 ± 25.1 | 80.2 ± 19.3 | < 0.001 |
| RV EF [%] | 47.9 ± 11.8 | 37.2 ± 13.3 | 50.7 ± 9.5 | < 0.001 |
| RV EF abnormal n (%) | 162 (25.9) | 76 (58.0) | 86 (17.4) | < 0.001 |
| Feature tracking mean ± SD | ||||
| LV GLS [%] | − 12.9 ± 4.5 | − 9.0 ± 4.6 | − 13.9 ± 3.8 | < 0.001 |
| LV GLS abnormal n (%) | 302 (46.1) | 109 (76.2) | 193 (37.7) | < 0.001 |
| LV GRS [%] | 22.8 ± 10.9 | 13.34 ± 8.02 | 26.18 ± 9.86 | < 0.001 |
| LV GCS [%] | − 14.3 ± 5.3 | − 9.7 ± 5.4 | − 15.5 ± 4.6 | < 0.001 |
| RV time to peak longitudinal strain [ms] | 310.4 ± 67.2 | 287.5 ± 89.8 | 316.7 ± 57.9 | < 0.001 |
| RV longitudinal strain rate [1/s] | − 1.21 ± 0.58 | − 0.93 ± 0.49 | − 1.29 ± 0.59 | < 0.001 |
| LGE | ||||
| LV LGE present n (%) | 430 (65.3) | 92 (63.9) | 338 (65.6) | 0.698 |
| LGE involves insertion points n (%) | 130 (19.7) | 33 (22.9) | 97 (18.8) | 0.277 |
| LGE septal n (%) | 225 (34.2) | 62 (43.1) | 163 (31.7) | 0.011 |
| LGE number of AHA-segments mean ± SD | 2.9 ± 3.2 | 3.31 ± 3.36 | 2.65 ± 3.06 | 0.741 |
| LGE extent FWHM [g] mean ± SD | 5.3 ± 8.5 | 4.6 ± 9.3 | 5.4 ± 8.4 | 0.090 |
| LGE RV | ||||
| Not definable due to image quality | 270 (41) | 67 (46.5) | 203 (39.4) | |
| LGE RV present n (%) | 75 (11.4) | 27 (18.8) | 48 (9.3) | < 0.001 |
| LGE RV absent n (%) | 314 (47.5) | 50 (34.7) | 264 (51.3) | |
| LV edema n (% of availablea) | 204 (38.5) | 35 (32.1) | 169 (40.1) | 0.125 |
| RV edema n (% of availablea) | 131 (26.2) | 40 (32.8) | 91 (24.1) | 0.042 |
AHA: American Heart Association; BSA: body surface area; EDV: end diastolic volume; EF: ejection fraction; FWHM: full width half max; GCS/GLS/GRS: global circumferential/longitudinal/radial strain; LGE, late gadolinium enhancement; LV: left ventricle; RV: right ventricle; SD: standard deviation
aPoor image quality or missing sequences (T2-weighted images or LV T2 maps) did not allow the assessment of edema in 129 (19.6%) patients in the LV and in 159 patients (24.1%) in the RV