GRHL2 overexpression does not affect proliferation in A549 cells. (A) Western blotting of GRHL2, E-cadherin and Vimentin in the lung cancer cell line A549 transiently transfected with GRHL2- or LacZ-expressing vectors. Quantification of band intensities is shown in the right graph. (B) Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR of E-cadherin, vimentin and four master epithelial-to-mesenchymal regulator genes in A549 transiently transfected with GRHL2- or LacZ-expressing (control) vectors. **P<0.01 vs. control. (C) Proliferation assay for A549 transiently transfected with GRHL2- or LacZ-expressing vectors. Results are shown as the means ± SD (n=3), where comparisons with controls were performed by the unpaired t-test. n.s., indicates ‘no significant difference’. GRHL2, Grainyhead-like 2; ZEB, Zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox; n.s., not significant; SNAI, snail homolog.