Table 1.
Maternal and Neonatal Characteristics at Baseline.*
| Characteristic | Usual Care (N = 702) |
Eat, Sleep, Console Care Approach (N=603) |
|---|---|---|
| Maternal | ||
| Median gravidity (IQR) — no. | 3 (2–5) | 4 (2–5) |
| Median parity (IQR) — no. | 3 (2–4) | 3 (2–4) |
| Race or ethnic group — no. (%)† | ||
| Non-Hispanic White | 462 (66) | 447 (74) |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 98 (14) | 71(12) |
| Hispanic | 107 (15) | 33 (5) |
| Other | 25 (4) | 37 (6) |
| Missing data | 10 (1) | 15 (2) |
| Adequate prenatal care — no. (%)‡ | ||
| Yes | 432 (62) | 381 (63) |
| Missing data | 21 (3) | 9 (1) |
| Medication for opioid use disorder — no./total no. (%) | ||
| Any | 512/702 (73) | 451/603 (75) |
| Buprenorphine | 316/512 (62) | 288/451 (64) |
| Methadone | 191/512 (37) | 154/451 (34) |
| Other | 0 | 2/451 (<1) |
| Unknown | 5/512 (1) | 7/451 (2) |
| Missing data | 15/702 (2) | 20/603 (3) |
| Metropolitan residence — no. (%)§ | 586 (83) | 547 (91) |
| Neonatal | ||
| Female sex — no. (%) | 336 (48) | 314 (52) |
| Birth weight — g | 3026.4+455.4 | 3012.8+490.4 |
| Gestational age — wk | 38.6+1.3 | 38.6+1.3 |
| Polysubstance exposure — no. (%)¶ | 420 (60) | 343 (57) |
Plus–minus values are means ±SD. IQR denotes interquartile range.
Race or ethnic group was obtained from the electronic medical record. The category of “other” includes American Indian or Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, Asian, and more than one race.
Adequate prenatal care was defined as at least three visits before the start of the third trimester.
Metropolitan residence was determined by means of rural–urban commuting area codes.
Polysubstance exposure included exposure to opioids and an additional psychotropic agent, excluding nicotine. Additional exposures included amphetamines, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, kratom, cocaine, gabapentin, marijuana, methamphetamines, phencyclidine, and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.