Time-dependent killing of S. aureus. S. aureus was grown to early (A) and late (B) exponential phase and treated with ionophores at 10× MIC (in CM-M9 medium) for 0, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 h, at which point cells were harvested and CFU/mL was enumerated (cutoff: 102 CFU/mL). Vancomycin (10× MIC of 2 μg/mL) and chloramphenicol (1× MIC of 16 μg/mL) were included as bactericidal and bacteriostatic controls, respectively. Individual data points are means ± SD (n = 3) of technical triplicates (distinct wells). Figure is representative of two biological replicates.