TABLE 2.

Clinical trials involving p53 activation to induce an immune response.

ID	Intervention	Cancer Type	Status	Outcome	Ref.
p53 activation + immune checkpoint inhibition
NCT04785196	APG-115 + toripalimab	Liposarcoma & advanced solid tumors	Recruiting	Not yet available
NCT03611868	APG-115 + pembrolizumab	Solid tumors	Recruiting	Not yet available	Fang et al. (2019)
NCT04383938	PRIMA-1Met (APR-246) + pembrolizumab	Solid tumors	Completed	Acceptable safety profile; clinical activity in patients with solid tumors	Dumbrava et al. (2021), Park et al. (2022)
p53 vaccines -/+ immune checkpoint inhibition
NCT01191684	p53MVA	Colorectal, stomach, or pancreatic cancer	Completed	Elevated p53-specific CD8+ T cell responses; clinical response not apparent	Chung et al. (2019)
NCT03113487	p53MVA + pembrolizumab	Recurrent ovarian, primary peritoneal, or fallopian tube cancer	Active, not recruiting	Not yet available
NCT02432963	p53MVA + pembrolizumab	Solid tumors that have failed prior therapy	Active, not recruiting	3/11 patients SD for 30, 32, and 49 weeks with p53-specific T cells; 7/11 patients PD before 10 weeks, minimal p53-specific T cell responses, no clinical benefit	Chung et al. (2019)
NCT03406715	Ad.p53-DC + nivolumab & ipilimumab	Small cell lung cancer	Terminated	Not yet available
NCT01639885	SLP-p53 + IFN-α2b	Platinum-resistant ovarian cancer	Completed	Not yet available
NCT00844506	SLP-p53 + cyclophosphamide	Ovarian cancer	Completed	Not yet available
NCT00617409	Paclitaxel -/+ INGN 225	Small cell lung cancer	Completed	Positive immune response in 20% of paclitaxel -/+ INGN 225 arm. Failed to improve ORR compared to paclitaxel alone.	Chiappori et al. (2019)
Unknown	ALVAC-p53	Advanced colorectal cancer	Completed	Potent T-cell and IgG responses induced in the majority of the patients	van der Burg et al. (2002)

SD, stable disease; PD, progressive disease