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. 2023 Aug 3;10:1200341. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1200341

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© 2023 Popa-Fotea, Ferdoschi and Micheu.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Innate and acquired immune system mechanism contribution to the initiation and development of the atherosclerotic plaque. CD, cluster of differentiation; ICAM-1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1; IFN-γ, interferon-gamma; IL, interleukin; MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; MHC, major histocompatibility complex; MMPs, matrix metalloproteinases; MPOs, myeloperoxidases; NK, natural killer; ROS, reactive oxygen species; TCR, T-cell receptor; Th, T helper lymphocyte; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor alpha; Treg, regulatory T cell; VCAM-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1. Parts of the figure were drawn by using pictures from Servier Medical Art. Servier Medical Art by Servier is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License.