Table 6. Robustness checks.
| Variables | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mobility | Mobile Phones | Wife-beating attitudes | All | |
| Additional Controls | ||||
| Freedom of Movement | 0.93* | 0.93 | ||
| Wife-beating attitudes | 1.13 | 1.13 | ||
| Usage of Mobile Phone | ||||
| No | ||||
| Yes | 1.80** | 1.12 | ||
| Individual Variables | ||||
| Age at Menarche | ||||
| Less than 12® | ||||
| 12 to 15 years | 0.86 | 0.86 | 1.27 | 1.25 |
| 15 years or older | 0.60 | 0.60 | 0.90 | 0.89 |
| Education Level of Respondents | ||||
| No Education® | ||||
| Primary | 0.92 | 0.93 | 1.90 | 1.93 |
| Secondary | 1.34 | 1.33 | 2.99 | 3.00 |
| Higher | 1.37 | 1.37 | 6.06* | 6.27* |
| Mass media Exposure | ||||
| None® | ||||
| Partial | 1.20 | 1.21 | 0.95 | 0.96 |
| Full | 0.99 | 0.99 | 0.78 | 0.80 |
| Household Variables | ||||
| Wealth Index | ||||
| Poorest® | ||||
| Middle | 1.19 | 1.18 | 1.38 | 1.33 |
| Richest | 1.96* | 1.96** | 0.94 | 0.90 |
| Water and Sanitation Facility | ||||
| Unhygienic® | ||||
| Hygienic | 0.99 | 0.99 | 0.61 | 0. 61 |
| Social Category | ||||
| General® | ||||
| Scheduled Caste | 3.81** | 3.81** | 10.75** | 11. 06** |
| Scheduled Tribe | 2.49* | 2.49* | 3.09 | 3.20 |
| Other Backward Classes | 2.99** | 2.99** | 6.64* | 6.79* |
| Religion | ||||
| Hindu® | ||||
| Muslim | 1.95* | 1.95** | 5.95** | 5.88** |
| Others | 0.20** | 0.20** | 0 (empty) | 0 (empty) |
| Place of Residence | ||||
| Urban® | ||||
| Rural | 1.90** | 1.90** | 2.72 | 2.74 |
| Constant | 0.002*** | 0.002*** | 0.0002*** | 0.0004*** |
| Observations | 27,942 | 27,942 | 4,246 | 4,246 |
Notes: Marriage is omitted due to high multicollinearity.
* p<0.1,
**p<0.05,
*** p<0.01.
® denotes the reference category.