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. 2023 Aug 3;11:1244372. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1244372

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Copyright © 2023 Ribatti and d’Amati.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Angiocrine factors released by endothelial cells of bone’s blood vessels and their target cell types. Endothelial cells of bone’s blood vessels secrete several angiocrine factors, capable of regulating hypertrophic chondrocyte maturation, osteoprogenitor cells survival, osteoblast-mediated osteogenesis, osteoclast-mediated cartilage resorption and HSCs (hematopoietic stem cells) survival. FGFs, fibroblast-derived growth factors; HIF1-a, hypoxia inducible factor 1-alpha; Mmp9, matrix metalloproteinase 9; PDGFs, platelet-derived growth factors; TGF, transforming growth factor; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor.