Table 2.

CASP quality assessment of the reviewed case–control papers.

	Section A: Are the Results of the Trial Valid?						Section B: What are the Results?			Section C: Will the Results Help Locally?
Authors, Year	Item 1	Item 2	Item 3	Item 4	Item 5	Item 6	Item 7	Item 8	Item 9	Item 10	Item 11	Total Quality Score (0–11)
Kang et al. (2017)	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	9
Márquez-Morales et al. (2021)	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	9
Xu et al. (2017)	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	9
Leyrolle et al. (2021)	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	9
Morita et al. (2015)	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	9
Borgo et al. (2017)	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	9
Hemmings et al. (2017)	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	9
Schwarz et al. (2018)	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	9
Wang et al. (2020)	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	9
Kong et al. (2019)	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	9
Wang et al. (2020)	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	9
Chen et al. (2021)	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	9
Guo et al. (2022)	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	9
Yuan et al. (2022)	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	9
Tomova et al. (2015)	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	9

CASP, Critical Appraisal Skills Program. Item 1: Study issue clearly focused; Item 2: Cohort is recruited in an acceptable way; Item 3: Exposure is accurately measured; Item 4: Outcome is accurately measured; Item 5: Confounding factors are addressed; Item 6: Follow-up is long and complete; Item 7: Results are clear; Item 8: Results are precise; Item 9: Results are credible; Item 10: Results can be applied to the local population; Item 11: Results fit with available evidence.