. 2023 Aug 3;10:1214420. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1214420

Table 5.

The quality of life parameters at baseline and post-intervention.

Variables	Intervention group (n = 25)	Control group (n = 25)	p-value^**	p-value***
Physical performance
Baseline	66.00 ± 15.94	60.00 ± 22.77	0.28
After 3 months	67.40 ± 14.72	58.60 ± 21.33	0.09
p-value*	0.44	0.32
Difference^b	1.40 ± 8.95	−1.40 ± 7.00		0.09
Physical limitations
Baseline	43.00 ± 42.40	33.00 ± 44.90	0.35^b
After 3 months	51.40 ± 36.38	33.69 ± 41.70	0.10^b
p-value^a	0.23	0.31
Difference^b	8.40 ± 37.74	−2.17 ± 10.42		0.14
Emotional limitations
Baseline	40.64 ± 45.16	30.46 ± 38.42	0.48^b
After 3 months	68.04 ± 35.38	22.00 ± 33.62	< 0.001^b
p-value*	0.006	0.14
Difference^b	27.40 ± 41.69	−8.64 ± 26.92		0.002
Energy and freshness
Baseline	50.60 ± 11.93	54.40 ± 14.95	0.32
After 3 months	66.60 ± 12.88	53.00 ± 15.20	0.001
p-value*	< 0.001	0.09
Difference^b	16.00 ± 8.66	−1.40 ± 3.95		< 0.001
Mental health
Baseline	52.16 ± 14.02	56.80 ± 13.80	0.24
After 3 months	61.96 ± 10.63	55.68 ± 14.13	0.08
p-value*	< 0.001	0.23
Difference^b	9.80 ± 8.92	−1.12 ± 4.54		< 0.001
Social performance
Baseline	67.56 ± 19.45	59.24 ± 18.27	0.10^b
After 3 months	74.72 ± 12.17	58.28 ± 17.70	< 0.001^b
p-value^a	0.02	0.80
Difference^b	7.16 ± 13.59	−0.96 ± 12.01		0.05
Physical pain
Baseline	63.04 ± 15.63	64.84 ± 16.62	0.76^b
After 3 months	67.68 ± 11.47	62.48 ± 16.15	0.12^b
p-value^a	0.07	0.44
Difference	4.64 ± 15.05	−2.36 ± 13.38		0.06
General health
Baseline	43.48 ± 10.46	49.04 ± 14.44	0.12
After 3 months	61.48 ± 12.49	46.92 ± 14.74	< 0.001
p-value*	< 0.001	0.29
Difference	18.00 ± 11.65	−2.12 ± 9.96		< 0.001

Values are expressed as means ± SD. *p < 0.05 was considered as significant using Paired t-test. **p < 0.05 was considered as significant using Independent t-test between the two groups at baseline and post-intervention. ***p < 0.05 was considered as significant difference using Independent t-test between the two groups post-intervention. ^ap < 0.05 was considered as significant using Wilcoxon test. ^bp < 0.05 was considered as significant using Mann–Whitney U test between the two groups at baseline and post-intervention.