Table 1.
Characteristics of the studied adolescent population
| Characteristics | Normal weight | Overweight | Obesity | p-Value | CRV | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number (F/M) | 65 (30/35) | 53(19/34) | 87 (19/68) | – | ||
| Age (year) | 13.91 ± 1.61 | 13.26 ± 1.50 | 12.90 ± 1.41 | 2.75E−04 | – | |
| Age Range (year) | 11–16 | 11–16 | 11–16 | – | ||
| Anthropometric data | ||||||
| Weight (kg) | 50.60 ± 9.67 | 62.88 ± 8.85 | 74.62 ± 11.50 | 2.99E−31 | – | |
| Height (cm) | 163.03 ± 9.31 | 162.81 ± 8.94 | 163.92 ± 8.79 | 7.34E−01 | – | |
| BMI | 18.87 ± 1.96 | 23.60 ± 1.42 | 27.65 ± 2.53 | 1.78E−63 | – | |
| Waistline (cm) | 66.91 ± 6.84 | 78.19 ± 6.81 | 88.36 ± 7.16 | 9.40E−45 | – | |
| Blood pressure | ||||||
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 114.28 ± 14.48 | 121.87 ± 11.93 | 125.76 ± 12.48 | 1.20E−06 | 90–120 | |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 70.78 ± 8.17 | 72.79 ± 10.24 | 76.59 ± 8.74 | 3.84E−04 | 60–80 | |
| Body composition | ||||||
| Body fat (kg) | 7.67 ± 3.63 | 14.91 ± 3.70 | 21.81 ± 5.37 | 8.69E−40 | ||
| Body fat rate | 0.15 ± 0.06 | 0.23 ± 0.05 | 0.29 ± 0.41 | 6.94E−34 | ||
| Body muscle (kg) | 40.67 ± 7.50 | 45.08 ± 6.77 | 49.55 ± 7.83 | 2.95E−09 | ||
| Body muscle rate | 0.8 ± 0.06 | 0.71 ± 0.04 | 0.66 ± 0.04 | 8.19E−34 | ||
| Body mineral salt (kg) | 3.04 ± 0.60 | 3.66 ± 0.50 | 4.32 ± 0.71 | 8.49E−22 | ||
| Body mineral salt rate | 0.06 ± 0.01 | 0.06 ± 0.00 | 0.06 ± 0.00 | 1.62E−03 | ||
| Body water (L) | 31.86 ± 5.92 | 35.10 ± 5.21 | 38.78 ± 6.16 | 4.09E−09 | ||
| Body water rate | 0.62 ± 0.06 | 0.55 ± 0.03 | 0.51 ± 0.03 | 1.69E−27 | ||
| Body protein (kg) | 9.28 ± 1.73 | 9.98 ± 1.56 | 10.76 ± 1.74 | 1.62E−05 | ||
| Body protein rate | 0.18 ± 0.02 | 0.16 ± 0.01 | 0.14 ± 0.01 | 2.01E−31 | ||
| Serological investigation | ||||||
| ALB (g/L) | 47.62 ± 4.33 | 46.86 ± 3.99 | 47.69 ± 4.46 | 5.06E−01 | 35–55 | |
| ALT (U/L) | 13.55 ± 8.60 | 17.06 ± 12.79 | 27.66 ± 22.58 | 1.26E−06 | 0–40 | |
| ApoA1 (g/L) | 1.38 ± 0.17 | 1.31 ± 0.17 | 1.33 ± 0.17 | 9.49E−02 | 1.05–1.75 | |
| ApoB (g/L) | 0.60 ± 0.15 | 0.64 ± 0.16 | 0.70 ± 0.16 | 4.18E−04 | 0.60–1.40 | |
| BUN (mmol/L) | 3.85 ± 1.07 | 3.95 ± 0.86 | 4.08 ± 0.83 | 3.03E−01 | 2.5–6.0 | |
| CER/CP (mg/L) | 24.35 ± 4.64 | 28.07 ± 5.60 | 29.06 ± 6.39 | 3.39E−06 | 21–65 | |
| CK (U/L) | 123.83 ± 59.79 | 133.43 ± 68.69 | 179.41 ± 184.45 | 2.00E−02 | 24–229 | |
| CK-MB (U/L) | 1.52 ± 0.67 | 1.60 ± 0.80 | 1.90 ± 1.12 | 3.35E−02 | 0–6.8 | |
| C-peptide (ng/mL) | 1.88 ± 1.13 | 2.48 ± 1.80 | 2.82 ± 1.93 | 3.47E−03 | 0.78–5.19 | |
| Cr (μmol/L) | 55.93 ± 13.71 | 54.46 ± 11.00 | 54.08 ± 11.47 | 6.32E−01 | 21–65 | |
| CRP (mg/L) | 0.46 ± 0.55 | 1.39 ± 1.91 | 2.23 ± 3.16 | 2.94E−05 | 0–10 | |
| Hb (g/L) | 134.95 ± 18.06 | 137.30 ± 11.03 | 136.94 ± 14.66 | 6.35E−01 | 110–160 | |
| HDL (mmol/L) | 1.22 ± 0.23 | 1.12 ± 0.23 | 1.09 ± 0.21 | 1.18E−03 | > 1.04 | |
| INS (pmol/mL) | 10.35 ± 8.00 | 16.28 ± 15.91 | 22.04 ± 17.61 | 1.56E−05 | 1.9–23 | |
| LDL (mmol/L) | 2.34 ± 0.56 | 2.55 ± 0.68 | 2.69 ± 0.55 | 2.15E−03 | < 3.37 | |
| PLC (109/L) | 291.12 ± 64.73 | 312.93 ± 57.37 | 329.56 ± 63.03 | 1.04E−03 | 100–300 | |
| PUFA (μg/mL) | 0.45 ± 0.20 | 0.50 ± 0.21 | 0.57 ± 0.27 | 6.06E−03 | 0.1–0.9 | |
| RBC (1012/L) | 4.91 ± 0.53 | 4.90 ± 0.36 | 5.02 ± 0.42 | 1.94E−01 | 3.5–5.5 | |
| TBIL (μmol/L) | 9.85 ± 4.52 | 8.72 ± 4.92 | 7.23 ± 3.11 | 5.64E−04 | 0.9–17.1 | |
| TC (mmol/L) | 3.93 ± 0.83 | 4.07 ± 0.85 | 4.37 ± 0.77 | 3.47E−03 | < 5.18 | |
| TG (mmol/L) | 1.19 ± 0.60 | 1.59 ± 1.17 | 1.76 ± 0.94 | 1.02E−03 | < 1.7 | |
| TP (g/L) | 76.90 ± 7.98 | 75.70 ± 6.00 | 76.41 ± 5.50 | 6.11E−01 | 46–80 | |
| UA (μmol/L) | 337.71 ± 87.60 | 398.79 ± 120.42 | 425.78 ± 102.84 | 2.55E−06 | 90–420 | |
| WBC (109/L) | 7.61 ± 1.76 | 8.60 ± 2.05 | 8.70 ± 1.67 | 6.79E−04 | 5–12 | |
Values represent mean ± SD
CRV clinical reference value, ALB albumin, ALT alanine transaminase, Apo-A1 apolipoprotein A1, Apo-B apolipoprotein B, BUN blood urea nitrogen, CER/CP ceruloplasmin, CK creatine kinase, CK-MB creatine kinase isoenzyme-MB, Cr creatinine, CRP C-reactive protein, Hb hemoglobin, HDL high-density lipoprotein, INS insulin, LDL low-density lipoprotein, PLC platelet, PUFA polyunsaturated fatty acid, RBC red blood cell, TBIL total bilirubin, TC total cholesterol, TG triglyceride, TP total protein, UA blood uric acid, WBC white blood cell