Table 1.

Overview of published studies with CDXs.

Cancer type	Isolation method	Blood volume	Strain	Implantation	Success rate	Latency	References	Notes
Small cell lung cancer	CTC-iChipneg device	15-20 ml	NSG	s.c.	16/42	115 days	[57]
Small cell lung cancer	RosetteSep™ human circulating epithelial tumor cell cocktail	10 ml	NSG	s.c. in flanks	4/6	4 months (2.4–4.4)	[55]	>400 CTCs per 7.5 ml
Lung cancer	RosetteSep™ CTC enrichment cocktail containing anti-CD36	10 ml	NSG	s.c. in flanks	17%	Up to 1 year	[58]	CTC count (7.5 ml) <50 = 2/146; >50 = 35/71
Non-small cell lung cancer	RosetteSep™ human circulating epithelial tumor cell cocktail	10 ml	NSG	s.c. in flanks	1	95 days	[40]	From post-radiotherapy CTCs
Non-small cell lung cancer	RosetteSep™ cocktail	7.5 ml	NSG	Interscapular fat pad	4/55	100, 200, 116, 100 days	[60]	CTCs injected 3500, 35,330, 1102
Prostate cancer	RosetteSep™ CTC enrichment cocktail containing anti-CD36™	7.5	NSG	Interscapular region	0/15	10 months	[53]	CTC number—median 230, range 0–18,389
Prostate cancer	Diagnostic leukapheresis + RosetteSep™ CTC enrichment cocktail containing anti-CD36	2/3 of DLA product	NSG	Interscapular region	1/7	165 days	[53]	CTC number 0–19,988 (median 698), 10 mg testosterone capsule in mice flanks
Prostate cancer	RosetteSep™ human circulating epithelial tumor cell cocktail	10 ml	NSG	s.c.	1	NA	[109]	100–10,000 CTCs
Triple-negative breast cancer	Density gradient centrifugation protocol (Histopaque) in SepMate™ tubes	7.5	NUDE	s.c.	1	5 months	[50]	CTC count = 969, patient with highest CTC number selected
Triple-negative breast cancer	FACS sorting (CD45−/CD34−/CD105−/CD90−/CD73− cells)	8 ml	NSG	Intracardiac	1/ 3		[51]	Liver metastasis
Metastatic breast cancer	Hematopoietic cells depletion	7.5	NSG	Femoral tumor cavity	6/110	6–15 months	[49]	CTC count <1000 = 0, CTC count >1109 = 6
Melanoma	RosetteSep™ depletion cocktail	7.5	NSG	s.c.	6/47	1 month 2.5 months	[61]

Summary of the main characteristics of studies describing generation of CDXs.

s.c. subcutaneous, NA not analyzed.