Table 2.
Annual pooled gabapentinoid consumption and average annual percentage change from 2008 to 2018 by country income level
| Income level | High (n = 38) | Upper-middle (n = 21) | Lower-middle (n = 6) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Average annual percentage changea (%, 95% CI) | 13.84 (12.18, 15.53) | 21.98 (17.99, 26.10) | 23.28 (18.55, 28.21) |
| Year | Pooled consumption (defined daily dose per 1000 inhabitants per day) | ||
| 2008 | 10.79 (8.45, 13.78) | 0.96 (0.48, 1.93) | 0.75 (0.59, 0.96) |
| 2009 | 12.79 (10.06, 16.26) | 1.45 (0.72, 2.93) | 1.08 (0.85, 1.38) |
| 2010 | 15.33 (11.99, 19.60) | 1.85 (0.93, 3.68) | 1.32 (1.00, 1.73) |
| 2011 | 18.30 (14.53, 23.06) | 1.89 (0.99, 3.60) | 1.60 (1.19, 2.14) |
| 2012 | 20.38 (16.58, 25.05) | 2.34 (1.22, 4.47) | 1.93 (1.37, 2.73) |
| 2013 | 23.94 (19.48, 29.42) | 3.01 (1.65, 5.49) | 2.25 (1.53, 3.31) |
| 2014 | 27.14 (22.23, 33.15) | 3.64 (2.01, 6.59) | 2.52 (1.63, 3.88) |
| 2015 | 30.03 (24.37, 37.01) | 4.31 (2.31, 8.03) | 2.92 (1.79, 4.76) |
| 2016 | 34.12 (27.60, 42.17) | 4.58 (2.32, 9.02) | 3.38 (1.86, 6.13) |
| 2017 | 37.82 (30.51, 46.88) | 5.47 (2.80, 10.69) | 4.15 (1.93, 8.94) |
| 2018 | 39.92 (32.35, 49.26) | 6.06 (3.15, 11.66) | 6.11 (2.12, 17.61) |
CI confidence interval.
aThe average annual change is calculated using a linear regression model, with log-transformed consumption in DDD/TID as the dependent variable and year as the independent variable. The average annual change was expressed as average annual percentage change, calculated by [exp(the coefficient of the year variable) – 1] × 100%.