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. 2023 Jun 16;69(4):192–197. doi: 10.1262/jrd.2023-006

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Fig. 3. — Effect of suckling stimuli on hypothalamic Penk (enkephalin gene) expression in OVX lactating rats during early lactation. Penk-expressing cells in the ARC (A), paraventricular nucleus (PVN) (B), and ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) (C) in representative OVX lactating and non-lactating rats. The insets indicate Penk-expressing cells (black arrowheads) at higher magnification. The suckling stimuli increased the number of Penk-expressing cells and the intensity of Penk mRNA signals in the ARC (D), but not in the PVN (E) and VMH (F), of OVX lactating rats. Note that only Penk signal intensity is provided for the VMH because Penk-positive cells overlapped each other, thus, each Penk-positive cell was not distinguishable. Scale bars = 100 µm. Values are means ± SEM. The number in each column indicates the number of animals used. * Significant difference between lactating and non-lactating OVX rats (P < 0.05, Student’s t-test).