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. 2023 Aug 17;13:13383. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-39951-4

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Growth of dendritic arbors of tectal cells in animals reared in d-serine over 4 days. (A) Experimental design. Tadpoles at stage 42–44 were electroporated, screened for single-cell GFP expression 48 h later at stage 46–47, and the GFP + cell was imaged daily. After a baseline image on day 0, the animals were reared in control or d-serine medium, and images collected every day for 3 more days. (B) Z-projections of representative tectal neurons. Scale bar: 20 µm. (C, D) Quantification of the (C) length and (D) number of tips of the dendritic arbors from tadpoles reared in d-serine (red squares) compared to control (black circles), subdivided into immature (total dendritic arbor length < 500 µm on day 0) or mature (≥ 500 µm on day 0). Immature cells were labeled by CREMSCLE and mature cells by single-cell electroporation. For immature cells, total dendritic arbor length and branchtip number were reduced in d-serine compared to control. [RM ANOVA interaction *p < 0.05, Šídák's multiple comparisons post-hoc test Day 2 **p < 0.005, Day 3 *p < 0.05. 1 cell per animal, immature cells: n = 6 cells for d-serine, n = 9 for control, mature cells: n = 4 cells for both groups] (E) Sholl analysis of CREMSCLE cells shows tectal dendritic arborization occurs closer to the soma in animals reared in d-serine. [multiplicity-corrected RM ANOVA interaction, Day 3 p < 0.0005, Šídák's post-hoc test for multiple comparisons ****p < 0.0001. 1 cell per animal analyzed with n = 9 cells for d-serine, n = 6 for control].