Table 2.
Summary of Risk of Bias Tool [42]
| Domain | Summary | Prompting Items |
|---|---|---|
| Study Participation | The study sample adequately represents the population of interest | a. Adequate participation in the study by eligible persons |
| b. Description of the source population or population of interest | ||
| c. Description of the baseline study sample | ||
| d. Adequate description of the sampling frame and recruitment | ||
| e. Adequate description of the period and place of recruitment | ||
| f. Adequate description of inclusion and exclusion criteria | ||
| Study Attrition |
The study data available (i.e., participants not lost to follow-up) adequately represent the study sample |
a. Adequate response rate for study participants |
| b. Description of attempts to collect information on participants who dropped out | ||
| c. Reasons for loss to follow-up are provided | ||
| d. Adequate description of participants lost to follow-up | ||
| e. There are no important differences between participants who completed the study and those who did not | ||
| Prognostic Factor (PF) Measurement | The PF is measured in a similar way for all participants | a. A clear definition or description of the PF is provided |
| b. Method of PF measurement is adequately valid and reliable | ||
| c. Continuous variables are reported or appropriate cut points are used | ||
| d. The method and setting of measurement of PF is the same for all study participants | ||
| e. Adequate proportion of the study sample has complete data for the PF | ||
| f. Appropriate methods of imputation are used for missing PF data | ||
| Outcome Measurement |
The outcome of interest is measured in a similar way for all participants |
a. A clear definition of the outcome is provided |
| b. Method of outcome measurement used is adequately valid and reliable | ||
| c. The method and setting of outcome measurement is the same for all study participants | ||
| Statistical Analysis and Reporting |
The statistical analysis is appropriate, and all primary outcomes are reported |
a. Sufficient presentation of data to assess the adequacy of the analytic strategy |
| b. Strategy for model building is appropriate and is based on a conceptual framework or model | ||
| c. The selected statistical model is adequate for the design of the study | ||
| d. There is no selective reporting of results |