TABLE 2.

Changes of gut microbiota in clinical subjects regulated by berberine.

Bioassay model	Dosage	Key finding	References
Hyperglycemia patients	0.5 g, bid, p.o. for 16 weeks	↑Blautia;↓Roseburia	(15)
T2DM patients	3.6 g, bid, p.o. for 12 weeks	BBR is mediated by the inhibition of DCA biotransformation by Ruminococcus bromii	(16)
Hyperlipidemic patients	0.5 g, bid, p.o. for 12 weeks	the baseline abundance of Alistipes and Blautia could effectively predict the cholesterol-decreasing efficacy of BBR	(21)
postprandial lipidemia patients	BBR (0.6 g per 6 pills, bid) + probiotics (4 g per 2 strips of powder, qd), p.o. for 12 weeks	Bifidobacterium breve and BBR could exert a synergistic hypolipidemic effect on postprandial lipidemia	(24)
Schizophrenia or bipolar disorder patients	100–300 mg/tid, p.o. for 12 weeks	↑Bacteroides;↓Firmicutes	(63)
Graves patients	300 mg/tid, p.o. for 24 weeks	↑Lactococcus lactis;↓Enterobacter hormaechei, Chryseobacterium indologenes	(66)