Table 2.
Hazard ratios (HRs, 95% CIs) for cardiovascular outcomes by machine learning abdominal aortic calcification 24 (ML-AAC-24) severity in the Manitoba registry-based cohort from duel-energy Lunar Prodigy and iDXA images.a
| Events | Model 1, Age and sex-adjusted |
Model 2, Adjusted for multiple covariatesb |
Model 3, Adjusted for multiple covariatesb and excluding those with prior diagnosis for the same condition |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low | Moderate | High | Low | Moderate | High | Low | Moderate | High | ||
| MACE, Primary endpoint | 1177 | 1 (Ref) | 1.74 (1.49–2.03) | 2.62 (2.25–3.06) | 1 (Ref) | 1.54 (1.31–1.80) | 2.06 (1.75–2.42) | 1 (Ref) | 1.54 (1.30–1.83) | 2.11 (1.77–2.51) |
| All-cause mortality | 940 | 1 (Ref) | 1.64 (1.37–1.94) | 2.55 (2.15–3.03) | 1 (Ref) | 1.45 (1.21–1.73) | 2.01 (1.68–2.41) | 1 (Ref) | 1.42 (1.17–1.72) | 2.00 (1.64–2.43) |
| Myocardial infarction | 216 | 1 (Ref) | 2.41 (1.65–3.51) | 3.73 (2.55–5.45) | 1 (Ref) | 2.05 (1.40–3.00) | 2.79 (1.88–4.15) | 1 (Ref) | 2.23 (1.48–3.35) | 3.24 (2.12–4.96) |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 204 | 1 (Ref) | 1.99 (1.35–2.94) | 2.97 (2.02–4.38) | 1 (Ref) | 1.71 (1.15–2.54) | 2.15 (1.44–3.21) | 1 (Ref) | 1.75 (1.15–2.66) | 2.04 (1.32–3.15) |
| Secondary endpoints | ||||||||||
| Coronary artery disease | 514 | 1 (Ref) | 1.79 (1.40–2.28) | 3.19 (2.52–4.05) | 1 (Ref) | 1.35 (1.05–1.73) | 1.98 (1.54–2.55) | 1 (Ref) | 1.30 (0.96–1.76) | 2.21 (1.63–3.01) |
| Coronary revascularization | 147 | 1 (Ref)) | 2.41 (1.53–3.80) | 4.37 (2.78–6.85) | 1 (Ref) | 2.15 (1.35–3.41) | 3.49 (2.17–5.62) | 1 (Ref) | 2.42 (1.48–3.96) | 4.06 (2.44–6.78) |
| Congestive heart failure | 467 | 1 (Ref) | 1.65 (1.28–2.12) | 2.32 (1.74–2.87) | 1 (Ref) | 1.32 (1.02–1.70) | 1.57 (1.21–2.03) | 1 (Ref) | 1.51 (1.14–1.98) | 1.62 (1.21–2.16) |
| Peripheral arterial disease | 118 | 1 (Ref) | 2.38 (1.41–4.01) | 3.84 (2.29–6.44) | 1 (Ref) | 1.90 (1.12–3.22) | 2.24 (1.30–3.87) | 1 (Ref) | 1.96 (1.12–2.43) | 2.17 (1.20–3.93) |
| Any secondary endpoint | 856 | 1 (Ref) | 1.68 (1.39–2.02) | 2.65 (2.21–3.18) | 1 (Ref) | 1.30 (1.08–1.57) | 1.78 (1.47–2.15) | 1 (Ref) | 1.50 (1.19–1.89) | 1.89 (1.49–2.40) |
Bolded values represent significantly different HR compared to low AAC.
Predicted ML-AAC-24, low <2, moderate 2–5, high ≥6.
Covariates: age, sex, body mass index (BMI), current smoking, high alcohol intake, income, rural residence, ethnicity; diagnoses of diabetes, hypertension, prior myocardial infarction or cerebrovascular disease; medication use in the prior year (glucocorticoid, statin, nonselective beta blocker, selective beta blocker, angiotensin receptor blocker, ACE inhibiter, aldosterone blocker, loop diuretic, thiazide diuretic, digoxin, calcium channel blocker, long acting nitrate and oral anticoagulant).