Table 2. Baseline characteristics of propensity-matched patients.
| Non-occlusion group (n=53) | Occlusion group (n=53) | p value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex, male | 27 (50.9) | 26 (49.1) | 0.846 | ||
| Age (years) | 65.0±8.9 | 65.5±7.4 | 0.741 | ||
| Heart disease etiologies | |||||
| Rheumatic disease | 16 (30.2) | 17 (32.1) | 0.834 | ||
| Degenerative | 4 (7.5) | 6 (11.3) | 0.741 | ||
| Functional | 34 (64.2) | 32 (60.4) | 0.689 | ||
| Others | 1 (1.9) | 1 (1.9) | >0.99 | ||
| Concomitant operations with maze procedure | |||||
| Mitral valve replacement | 10 (18.9) | 12 (22.6) | 0.632 | ||
| Mitral valve repair | 23 (43.4) | 18 (34.0) | 0.319 | ||
| Tricuspid annuloplasty | 27 (50.9) | 27 (50.9) | >0.99 | ||
| Aortic valve replacement | 4 (7.5) | 4 (7.5) | >0.99 | ||
| Aortic valve plasty | 2 (3.8) | 1 (1.9) | >0.99 | ||
| Coronary artery bypass grafting | 4 (7.5) | 2 (3.8) | 0.678 | ||
| Aortic replacement | 2 (3.8) | 1 (1.9) | >0.99 | ||
| Atrial septal defect repair | 2 (3.8) | 4 (7.5) | 0.678 | ||
| Myxoma removal | 2 (3.8) | 0 | 0.495 | ||
| AF profiles | |||||
| Fine (<1 mm) AF wave | 29 (54.7) | 28 (52.8) | 0.846 | ||
| AF type | >0.99 | ||||
| Persistent | 35 (66.0) | 35 (66.0) | |||
| Paroxysmal | 18 (34.0) | 18 (34.0) | |||
| Heart failure | 12 (22.6) | 13 (24.5) | 0.819 | ||
| Coronary artery disease | 3 (5.7) | 3 (5.7) | >0.99 | ||
| Cerebral infarction | 8 (15.1) | 11 (20.8) | 0.447 | ||
| Diabetes mellitus | 11 (20.8) | 10 (18.9) | 0.807 | ||
| Aortic disease | 2 (3.8) | 1 (1.9) | >0.99 | ||
| Hypertension | 26 (49.1) | 23 (43.4) | 0.559 | ||
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 2 (3.8) | 2 (3.8) | >0.99 | ||
| Chronic kidney disease | 0 | 1 (1.9) | >0.99 | ||
| CHA2DS2-VASc score | 2.5±1.7 | 2.6±1.7 | 0.738 | ||
| Pre-operative TTE | |||||
| EF (%) | 55.3±11.1 | 55.6±10.9 | 0.895 | ||
| LAD (cm) | 5.7±1.1 | 5.5±1.0 | 0.410 | ||
| LAVI (mL/m2) | 114.5±63.3 | 109.9±65.1 | 0.709 | ||
| LVVI (mL/m2) | 66.9±28.4 | 59.5±27.8 | 0.175 | ||
Data are presented as number (%) or the mean±standard deviation. Left atrial volume index and left ventricular volume index were measured using left atrial or ventricular volume acquired by Simpson’s method from a 4-chamber apical view, indexed to the body surface area.
AF = atrial fibrillation; EF = ejection fraction; LAA = left atrial appendage; LAD = left anterior descending artery; LAVI = left atrial volume index; LVVI = left ventricular volume index; TTE = transthoracic echocardiography.