|
Age at procedure, years
|
78.4±7.5
|
76.2±8.0
|
80.7±6.1
|
0.03
|
|
Male gender
|
94 (63.1)
|
47 (61.0)
|
47 (65.3)
|
0.6
|
|
BMI, kg/m2
|
25.9±5.6
|
26.1±5.1
|
25.6±6
|
0.4
|
|
BSA, m2
|
1.8±0.2
|
1.8±0.2
|
1.8±0.2
|
0.9
|
|
Ischaemic heart disease
|
47 (31.5)
|
24 (31.2)
|
23 (31.9)
|
0.6
|
|
PAD
|
14 (9.4)
|
6 (7.8)
|
8 (11.1)
|
0.6
|
|
Previous valve surgery
|
1 (0.7)
|
1 (1.3)
|
0 (0)
|
-
|
|
Other valve disease
|
19 (12.8)
|
14 (18.2)
|
5 (6.9)
|
0.1
|
|
Previous valvuloplasty
|
2 (1.3)
|
1 (1.3)
|
1 (1.4)
|
-
|
|
Ascending aorta, mm
|
37.0±5.5
|
39.0±5.9
|
35.6±4.5
|
0.1
|
|
Porcelain aorta
|
4 (2.7)
|
3 (3.9)
|
1 (1.4)
|
0.4
|
|
Frailty
|
62 (41.6)
|
38 (49.4)
|
24 (33.3)
|
0.1
|
|
GFR <60 ml/min
|
63 (42.3)
|
30 (38.9)
|
33 (45.8)
|
0.4
|
|
COPD
|
21 (14.1)
|
12 (15.6)
|
9 (12.5)
|
0.6
|
|
NYHA Class
|
NYHA I
|
7 (4.7)
|
3 (3.9)
|
4 (5.6)
|
0.6
|
|
NYHA II
|
78 (52.3)
|
40 (51.9)
|
38 (52.8)
|
|
NYHA III
|
59 (39.6)
|
30 (38.9)
|
29 (40.3)
|
|
NYHA IV
|
5 (3.4)
|
4 (5.2)
|
1 (1.4)
|
|
STS score
|
2.6 [1.7-4.2]
|
2.2 [1.6-3.3]
|
3.4 [2.2-5.2]
|
0.001
|
|
EuroSCORE II
|
2.8 [1.7-4.2]
|
2.1 [1.4-3.9]
|
3.2 [2.4-5.2]
|
0.003
|
|
Syncope
|
6 (4.0)
|
1 (1.3)
|
5 (6.9)
|
0.1
|
|
Angina
|
19 (12.8)
|
16 (20.8)
|
3 (4.2)
|
0.003
|
|
ECG
|
|
PM/ICD
|
12 (8.1)
|
6 (7.8)
|
6 (8.3)
|
1
|
|
Conduction disturbance/arrhythmias
|
Sinus rhythm
|
127 (85.2)
|
65 (84.4)
|
62 (86.1)
|
0.6
|
|
Atrial fibrillation
|
18 (12.1)
|
9 (11.7)
|
9 (12.5)
|
|
Other
|
4 (2.7)
|
3 (3.9)
|
1 (1.4)
|
|
Left bundle branch block
|
19 (12.8)
|
6 (7.8)
|
13 (18.1)
|
0.1
|
|
Right bundle branch block
|
10 (6.7)
|
7 (9.1)
|
3 (4.2)
|
0.3
|
|
First-degree AV block
|
16 (10.7)
|
7 (9.1)
|
9 (12.5)
|
0.6
|
|
Coronary angiography
|
Coronary artery disease*
|
61 (40.9)
|
32 (41.6)
|
29 (40.3)
|
0.6
|
|
Echocardiography data
|
|
Septum, mm
|
12.0 [10.9-14.0]
|
12.0 [10.0-13.8]
|
12.0 [11.0-14.0]
|
0.1
|
|
LVEDD, mm
|
51.0±9.0
|
52.3±8.9
|
50.4±9.1
|
0.5
|
|
Left ventricular EF, %
|
60 [45-65]
|
60 [45-65]
|
60 [50-65]
|
1
|
|
Low-flow, low-gradient
|
35 (23.8)
|
15 (19.5)
|
20 (28.6)
|
0.2
|
|
Aortic valve area, cm2
|
0.7 [0.6-0.9]
|
0.8 [0.6-0.9]
|
0.7 [0.6-0.9]
|
0.2
|
|
Indexed aortic valve area, cm2
|
0.4 [0.3-0.5]
|
0.4 [0.3-0.5]
|
0.4 [0.3-0.5]
|
0.4
|
|
Peak aortic velocity, m/s
|
4.2 [3.9-4.5]
|
4.2 [4.0-4.5]
|
4.2 [4.0-4.5]
|
0.9
|
|
Mean aortic gradient, mmHg
|
45.5 [38.3-52.8]
|
45.9 [39.0-52.9]
|
45 [37.4-53.0]
|
0.8
|
|
Aortic regurgitation*
|
100 (67.1)
|
54 (70.1)
|
46 (63.9)
|
0.5
|
|
- Trivial
|
26 (17.6)
|
16 (29.6)
|
10 (22.2)
|
0.2
|
|
- Mild
|
56 (37.8)
|
31 (57.4)
|
26 (56.5)
|
|
- Mild to moderate
|
13 (8.8)
|
5 (9.3)
|
8 (17.8)
|
|
- Moderate
|
3 (2.0)
|
1 (1.9)
|
2 (4.4)
|
|
- Moderate to severe
|
1 (0.7)
|
1 (1.9)
|
0 (0)
|
|
- Severe
|
0 (0)
|
0 (0)
|
0 (0)
|
|
Pulmonary hypertension (>60 mmHg)
|
5 (3.4)
|
0 (0)
|
5 (6.9)
|
0.04
|
|
Data are presented as mean±SD, n (%) or median [IQR]. *One missing patient. AV: atrioventricular; BMI: body mass index; BSA: body surface area; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ECG: electrocardiogram; EF: ejection fraction; EuroSCORE: European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Stratification; GFR: glomerular filtration range; ICD: implantable cardiac defibrillator; IQR: interquartile range; LVEDD: left ventricular end-diastolic diameter; NOAC: non-oral anticoagulant; NYHA: New York Heart Association; PAD: peripheral arterial disease; PM: pacemaker; SD: standard deviation; STS: Society of Thoracic Surgeons
|
