Table 1. Basic Demographics and Clinical Factors Between Groups.
| Characteristic | AR (n = 46) | Control (n = 49) |
|---|---|---|
| Age (SD), y | 38 (16) | 38 (17) |
| Sex | ||
| Male | 30 (65.2) | 33 (67.3) |
| Female | 16 (34.8) | 16 (32.7) |
| ASA Scorea | ||
| 1 | 23 (50.0) | 23 (46.9) |
| 2 | 21 (45.7) | 24 (49) |
| 3 | 1 (2.2) | 2 (4.1) |
| Smoking history | ||
| Never | 40 (87.0) | 41 (83.7) |
| Former | 4 (8.7) | 5 (10.2) |
| Current | 2 (4.3) | 3 (6.1) |
| Psychiatric comorbidity | ||
| Yes | 1 (2.2) | 6 (12.2) |
| No | 45 (97.8) | 43 (87.8) |
| Surgery location | ||
| Knee | 33 (71.7) | 31 (63.3) |
| Shoulder | 9 (19.6) | 16 (32.7) |
| Elbow | 3 (6.5) | 2 (4.1) |
| Time from preoperative visit to surgery (SD), d | 28 (32) | 26 (23) |
| Screening STAI (SD) scoreb | 35 (9.8) | 35 (12) |
Abbreviations: AR, augmented reality; ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; STAI, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory.
a
ASA score was not available for 1 patient in the AR group. There were no patients with ASA class 4 or higher included in the study.
b
Range, 20 to 80; higher scores indicate greater levels of anxiety.