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. 2023 Aug 4;14:1142559. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1142559

Table 1.

An example of the statistical approach to illustrate the problems associated with consistency (or the paucity of it) in English.

Letter (%) of different / all words (exemplary word)
i 62.3 24,076 3,471,217 I(in)
19.4 4,386 1,083,446 aI(i)
5.1 2,519 283,459 (social)
l 95.4 22,272 2,934,160 l(all)
d 94.4 14,990 2,844,232 d(and)
m 100.0 11,176 1,817,206 m(from)
b 99.0 7,726 1,169,525 b(be)

A minimum set of single letter-sounds selected to a version of the game – list of their sounds present in >5% of the occurrence of the letter in English text (Cedex databasis, among 17 million words).