Table 1.

Types of biomarkers as outlines in by Food and Drug Administration task force.

Biomarker type	Definition	Example
Susceptibility/risk	Potential for developing a disease or medical condition	APOE for Alzheimer disease
Diagnostic	Detect or confirm disease/condition	Rheumatoid factor for autoimmune disease
Monitoring	Measured repeatedly for assessing state of the disease	Prostate-specific antigen (PSA), prostate cancer
Predictive	Likelihood of experiencing a favorable or unfavorable response to treatment	BRCA1/2 for response to ADP-ribose-PARP inhibitors
Response	Show a biological response has occurred when exposed to a treatment	C-reactive protein (CRP) for effective inflammatory disease treatment
Safety	Prescence of toxicity as an adverse event	Creatinine for muscle damage

APOE, apolipoprotein E; BRCA, BReast CAncer Gene; ADP, adenosine diphosphate; PARP, Poly-ADP ribose polymerase.