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. 2023 Aug 18;21:554. doi: 10.1186/s12967-023-04392-0

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 3 — Altered metabolic profiles in the feces of the fibrosis mouse model. A PLS-DA multivariate statistical model of the Control, Inflammation, and Fibrosis groups. B Volcano plot of metabolites, with blue representing down-regulation, gray representing non-significance, and red representing up-regulation. C Venn diagram shows the shared or unique differential metabolites among the three groups. D Classification of the 48 SAMs among the three groups. Each color displays a class of metabolites, with the specific percentage highlighted in the pie chart. E K-means clustering diagram of the 48 SAMs among the three groups, with the specific number of metabolites presented in each cluster, and all the clusters follow the timeline of Control (Ctrl), Inflammation (TNBS-4W), and Fibrosis (TNBS-6W). F Cluster heatmap of the relative abundance of the 48 SAMs. n = 5 per group. PLS-DA partial least squares discriminant analysis, SAMs significantly altered metabolites