. 2023 Aug 18;22:157. doi: 10.1186/s12939-023-01965-9

Table 4.

Summary of logistic regression models with both Index of social vulnerability and number of chronic illnesses included in the model

Negative healthcare event	Prevalence of event^a	Model Results
Events based on administrative data:
2 + ED visits (administrative data)	11.1% (197/1769)	2.18 (1.43, 8.10)	1.19 (1.09. 1.32)
Any hospital admission	16.3% (289/1769)	1.50 (1.03. 2.18)	1.24 (1,15, 1.35)
Hospital admission through the emergency room	4.7% (68/1368)	2.95 (1,71, 5.07)	1.38 (1.23, 1.57)
Self-reported events, survey data
ED use for health system reasons^d	16.9% (343/1685)	1.61 (1.19, 2.19)	1.04 (0.98, 1.18)
5 + point decline in functional health status (SF-12)^e	23.1% (414/1377)	1.26 (0.90, 1.75)	1.32 (1.20, 1.46)
Problem became worse because of delayed care	8.6% (173/1837)	2.0 (1.36, 2.91)	1.17 (1.07, 1.27)
Feel abandoned by the system	23.1% (463/1453)	1.37 (1.03, 1.83)	1.09 (1.01, 1.15)
Unmet need for healthcare	11.5% (231/1774)	1.16 (0.80, 1,70)	1.08 (0.99, 1.17)

Negative healthcare event

Prevalence of event^a

Model Results

Social Vulnerability Index ≥ 2
OR^b
(95% CI)

Number chronic diseases
OR^c
(95% CI)

Events based on administrative data:

2 + ED visits (administrative data)

11.1%

(197/1769)

2.18

(1.43, 8.10)

1.19

(1.09. 1.32)

Any hospital admission

16.3%

(289/1769)

1.50

(1.03. 2.18)

1.24

(1,15, 1.35)

Hospital admission through the emergency room

4.7%

(68/1368)

2.95

(1,71, 5.07)

1.38

(1.23, 1.57)

Self-reported events, survey data

ED use for health system reasons^d

16.9%

(343/1685)

1.61

(1.19, 2.19)

1.04

(0.98, 1.18)

5 + point decline in functional health status (SF-12)^e

23.1%

(414/1377)

1.26

(0.90, 1.75)

1.32

(1.20, 1.46)

Problem became worse because of delayed care

8.6%

(173/1837)

2.0

(1.36, 2.91)

1.17

(1.07, 1.27)

Feel abandoned by the system

23.1%

(463/1453)

1.37

(1.03, 1.83)

1.09

(1.01, 1.15)

Unmet need for healthcare

11.5%

(231/1774)

1.16

(0.80, 1,70)

1.08

(0.99, 1.17)

^aVarying denominator reflects missing values at Time 2

^bOdds Ratio (OR) show adjusted likelihood of negative healthcare event in the subsequent 12 months, among patients with Index ≥ 2, compared to Index < 2; bolded values are statistically significant two-sided p < 0.05

^cOdds ratio associated with each additional chronic disease from a list of 14 stable diagnoses

^dDoctor not available, wait for appointment too long, not know what to do, confused what to do or had conflicting information, too far to clinic

^eControlling for baseline SF-12