Table 1.

Sources of acetate, propionate, and butyrate

SCFAs	Origin	References
Acetate	Akkermansia muciniphila, Bacteroides spp., Bifidobacterium spp., Prevotella spp., Ruminococcus spp., Escherichia coli, Blautia hydrogenotrophica, Clostridium spp., and Streptococcus spp.	[21, 27, 34–36]
Propionate	Bacteroides uniformis, Bacteroides vulgatus, Prevotellacopr, Alistipes putredinis, Roseburia inulinivorans, Eubacterium hallii, Blautiaobeum, Coprococcuscatus, Dialisterinvisus Phascolarctobacterium succinatutens, Akkermansia muciniphila, Dialister spp., Veillonella spp., Megasphaera elsdenii, Coprococcuscatus, Bacteroides spp., Salmonella spp., Roseburia inulinivorans, and Ruminococcus obeum	[21, 34, 48–51]
Butyrate	Clostridium clusters IV and XIVa, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Ruminococcus bromii, Lachnospiraceae, Eubacterium rectale, Roseburia spp., Roseburia inulinivorans, Roseburia intestinalis, Eubacterium hallii, Anaerostipes hadrus, Anaerostipes spp., Coprococcus eutactus, Coprococcus comes, Coprococcuscatus, Subdoligranulum variabile, Eubacterium biforme, Actinobacteria, Fusobacteria, Spirochaetes, and Thermotogae	[34, 48, 50, 52–55]