Table 2.
Association between phytochemical intake and COVID-19 contraction – comparison of distribution of risk of disease by tertiles of consumptions and crude logistic regression analysis for continuous exposure level (N = 95).
| Phytochemicals | Phytochemical-specific tertiles | OR (95% CI) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1 (N = 32) | T2 (N = 31) | T3 (N = 32) | Per 1 category of tertile increase | Per 1 unit increase in Log2 | |
| COVID-19 contraction, n (%) | |||||
| Total polyphenols [mg] | 11 (34.4) | 8 (25.8) | 5 (15.6) | 0.60 (0.33–1.08) | 0.29 (0.09–0.92)* |
| Total lignans [μg] | 11 (34.4) | 6 (19.4) | 7 (21.9) | 0.72 (0.40–1.27) | 0.74 (0.47–1.15) |
| Lariciresinol [μg] | 10 (31.3) | 7 (22.6) | 7 (21.9) | 0.78 (0.44–1.38) | 0.74 (0.44–1.23) |
| Matairesinol [ng] | 9 (28.1) | 12 (38.7) | 3 (9.4)* | 0.60 (0.33–1.08) | 0.90 (0.70–1.16) |
| Pinoresinol [μg] | 8 (25.0) | 9 (29.0) | 7 (21.9) | 0.92 (0.52–1.62) | 0.90 (0.67–1.20) |
| Secoisolariciresinol [μg] | 15 (46.9) | 6 (19.4) | 3 (9.4)** | 0.33 (0.17–0.64)** | 0.50 (0.31–0.81)** |
| Total phytosterols [mg] | 12 (37.5) | 9 (29.0) | 3 (9.4)* | 0.45 (0.24–0.84)* | 0.21 (0.05–0.84)* |
| Stigmasterol [mg] | 14 (43.8) | 7 (22.6) | 3 (9.4)** | 0.37 (0.19–0.70)** | 0.26 (0.11–0.64)** |
| Campesterol [mg] | 8 (25.0) | 10 (32.3) | 6 (18.8) | 0.85 (0.48–1.49) | 1.03 (0.35–3.03) |
| β-sitosterol [mg] | 12 (37.5) | 8 (25.8) | 4 (12.5) | 0.50 (0.27–0.92)* | 0.23 (0.06–0.89)* |
Results are expressed as n (%), or OR (95% CI), OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; T1, T2, T3, tertile groups; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 from Chi-squared test or logistic regression analysis.