Table 1.
The characteristics of subjects by gender.
| Women (n = 24 864) | Men (n = 24 927) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, year | 48.5 (48.1–48.9) | 46.3 (45.9–46.7) | <.001 |
| Education (%) | <.001 | ||
| Less than 9th grade | 5.7 (5.3–6.1) | 6.3 (5.8–6.7) | |
| 9–11th grade (Includes 12th grade with no diploma) | 11.1 (10.4–11.8) | 11.7 (10.9–12.4) | |
| High school graduate/GED or equivalent | 23.5 (22.7–24.3) | 24.9 (23.8–25.9) | |
| Some college or AA degree | 32.6 (31.7–33.6) | 29.0 (28.2–29.8) | |
| College graduate or above | 27.1 (25.7–28.5) | 28.2 (26.7–29.8) | |
| Race (%) | <.001 | ||
| Non‐Hispanic White | 68.6 (66.5–70.7) | 68.7 (66.7–70.7) | |
| Non‐Hispanic Black | 11.8 (10.5–13.0) | 10.4 (9.4–11.4) | |
| Non‐Hispanic Asiana | 5.6 (4.6–6.5) | 5.2 (4.3–6.2) | |
| Other Hispanic | 5.7 (4.8–6.6) | 5.4 (4.5–6.2) | |
| Mexican American | 7.2 (6.2–8.2) | 8.7 (7.6–9.8) | |
| Other Race—Including multiracial | 6.8 (6.1–7.4) | 6.8 (6.2–7.5) | |
| Family income‐to‐poverty ratio | 2.9 (2.8–3.0) | 3.1 (3.0–3.1) | <.001 |
| Living status (%) | .414 | ||
| Owned or being bought | 68.5 (67.1–69.9) | 67.8 (66.4–69.2) | |
| Rented | 29.5 (28.2–30.9) | 30.3 (28.8–31.6) | |
| Other arrangement | 2.0 (1.7–2.2) | 1.9 (1.7–2.2) | |
| Marriage status (%) | <.001 | ||
| Married | 52.7 (51.6–53.8) | 59.1 (57.9–60.2) | |
| Widowed | 9.9 (9.4–10.4) | 2.4 (2.2–2.6) | |
| Divorced | 12.0 (11.4–12.5) | 8.2 (7.7–8.7) | |
| Separated | 2.9 (2.7–3.2) | 2.1 (1.8–2.3) | |
| Never married | 15.8 (14.9–16.7) | 20.0 (19.0–21.0) | |
| Living with partner | 6.7 (6.2–7.2) | 8.1 (7.6–8.7) | |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 28.9 (28.7–29.1) | 28.6 (28.5–28.8) | <.001 |
| Current smoking (%) | 39.7 (38.6–40.7) | 53.6 (52.5–54.7) | <.001 |
| Current drinking (%) | 63.8 (62.5–65.2) | 81.0 (80.0–82.0) | <.001 |
| High level of physical activity (%) | 38.1 (36.7–39.5) | 46.0 (44.6–47.4) | <.001 |
| Sleep duration (h) | 7.2 (7.1–7.2) | 7.0 (7.0–7.1) | <.001 |
| Sodium intake (mg) | 2981.1 (2956.1–3006.1) | 4113.1 (4078.3–4147.9) | <.001 |
| Hypertension (%) | 48.4 (47.4–49.3) | 53.9 (52.8–55.0) | <.001 |
| Uncontrolled Hypertension (%)b | 39.5 (38.1–41.0) | 37.9 (36.1–39.8) | .235 |
| Diabetes (%) | 11.0 (10.5–11.6) | 11.8 (11.3–12.3) | .007 |
a
Non‐Hispanic Asian was listed as a separate race and ethnicity since 2011–2012, the proportions of non‐Hispanic Asian were calculated based on the surveys from 2011–2012 to 2017–2018.
b
The proportions of uncontrolled hypertension were calculated among the subjects being diagnosed with hypertension and taking antihypertensive medication.