Table 2.

Mean, SDs, skewness, kurtosis, Cronbach's α and α-if-item-deleted (α), corrected item-total score correlations (r_tt), and factor loadings (Loading) of the CD-RISC-10 in the male and female groups.

Item	Mean ±SD	Skewness	Kurtosis	α	r tt	Loading
Male group (N = 2,498)
1. Able to adapt to change	3.40 ± 0.83	−1.44	1.89	0.94	0.65	0.56
2. Can deal with whatever comes	2.97 ± 0.90	−0.64	0.13	0.93	0.71	0.66
3. Tries to see humorous side of problems	3.01 ± 0.95	−0.70	−0.05	0.94	0.69	0.67
4. Coping with stress can strengthen me	2.89 ± 1.00	−0.62	−0.22	0.93	0.80	0.83
5. Tend to bounce back after illness or hardship	3.07 ± 0.93	−0.86	0.34	0.93	0.78	0.75
6. Can achieve goals despite obstacles	3.21 ± 0.88	−0.87	0.09	0.93	0.74	0.68
7. Can stay focused under pressure	3.05 ± 0.94	−0.74	−0.04	0.93	0.79	0.77
8. Not easily discouraged by failure	3.19 ± 0.93	−1.08	0.79	0.93	0.79	0.77
9. Thinks of self as strong person	3.09 ± 0.98	−0.93	0.40	0.93	0.80	0.82
10. Can handle unpleasant feelings	3.14 ± 0.93	−0.87	0.09	0.93	0.77	0.74
Total score	31.02 ± 7.47	−0.81	0.48	0.94
Female group (N = 631)
1. Able to adapt to change	3.43 ± 0.80	−1.48	1.36	0.94	0.67	0.54
2. Can deal with whatever comes	2.96 ± 0.91	−0.87	0.85	0.94	0.71	0.66
3. Tries to see humorous side of problems	3.04 ± 0.97	−0.87	0.33	0.94	0.69	0.68
4. Coping with stress can strengthen me	2.90 ± 1.02	−0.71	−0.11	0.93	0.79	0.82
5. Tend to bounce back after illness or hardship	3.10 ± 0.92	−0.97	0.69	0.93	0.78	0.73
6. Can achieve goals despite obstacles	3.17 ± 0.89	−0.90	0.37	0.93	0.77	0.71
7. Can stay focused under pressure	3.10 ± 0.92	−0.90	0.41	0.93	0.79	0.76
8. Not easily discouraged by failure	3.25 ± 0.90	−1.19	1.23	0.93	0.77	0.73
9. Thinks of self as strong person	3.09 ± 0.98	−0.97	0.62	0.93	0.80	0.82
10. Can handle unpleasant feelings	3.13 ± 0.91	−0.98	0.66	0.93	0.79	0.75
Total score	31.17 ± 7.43	−1.04	1.38	0.94

SD, standard deviation; CD-RISC-10, 10-item Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale.