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. 2023 Jun 26;10(9):nwad181. doi: 10.1093/nsr/nwad181

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© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of China Science Publishing & Media Ltd.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Figure 2. — The morphology of sperm in Ccdc189^−/− mice is abnormal. (A) The malformations of sperm flagella in Ccdc189^−/− mice. Sperm with short, coiled, helical flagella or abnormal heads were observed in Ccdc189^−/− mice. Scale bars = 10 μm. (B) The morphology of sperm was examined by immunofluorescence. Sperm tails were labeled with αTubulin (green), and acrosome was labeled with PNA (red). (C–F) Elongating spermatids were collected from Ccdc189^−/− and control testes and stained with IFT88 (red) and acetylated α-tubulin (green). Scale bars = 10 μm. (G–J) Sperm morphology was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). (K–P) The morphology of sperm was examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Scale bars = 1 μm. Quantitative analysis of sperm with a defect in the (Q) axoneme, (R) mitochondrial sheath and (S) sperm head in Ccdc189^−/− mice.