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. 2023 Aug 18;9(33):eadg6262. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.adg6262

Fig. 3. Propionic acid produced by C. acnes induces lipid accumulation in keratinocytes.

Fig. 3.

(A) Oil Red O quantification at day 4 in NHEKs after adding sterile CM from C. acnes supernatant (C.a) or proteins from C. acnes media precipitated with ammonium sulfate (85% saturation) or ultrafiltrates from C. acnes media at less than 10 and 3 kDa or media adjusted to pH 7.1 with hydrochloric acid (HCl) or Malp-2 (100 ng/ml). (B) Oil Red O quantification of NHEK at day 4 after adding 15% of C. acnes conditioned culture media supernatant or media control without C. acnes [reinforced clostridial medium (RCM)] or C. acnes CM after lyophilization (lyo.) or nonlyophilized. (C) Oil Red O quantification of NHEK at day 4 after adding different concentration of SCFA alone or in a mix containing 8 mM propionic acid, 0.6 mM acetic acid, 0.01 mM isovaleric acid, and 0.02 mM butyric acid. (D and E) SCFA composition of bacterial supernatants by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Experiments conducted were performed at least in triplicate. ****P < 0.0001.