Table 1.
Baseline characteristics (mean (SD)) of UK Biobank and The Malaysian Cohort.
| MEN | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| White (n = 184,433) | Malay (n = 13,011) | Chinese (n = 9614) | Indian (n = 4875) | |
| Age, years | 56.4 (8.1) | 52.6 (6.8) | 52.0 (7.0) | 51.4 (6.7) |
| % Male | 44.6 | 43.0 | 38.0 | 44.9 |
| Anthropometry & body composition | ||||
| Weight, kg | 86.2 (14.1) | 70.9 (11.5) | 69.8 (10.5) | 73.3 (11.4) |
| Height, cm | 176.0 (6.7) | 164.7 (5.9) | 168.0 (5.7) | 167.7 (6.1) |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 27.8 (4.2) | 26.1 (3.8) | 24.7(3.4) | 26.0 (3.8) |
| Total fat mass, kg | 22.2 (8.2) | 20.8 (7.5) | 18.8 (6.6) | 22.4 (7.5) |
| Appendicular lean mass, kg | 28.8 (4.0) | 21.0 (2.9) | 21.5 (3.0) | 21.0 (2.9) |
| Waist circumference, cm | 96.8 (11.1) | 88.1 (10.1) | 86.7 (9.3) | 92.0 (10.0) |
| Cardiovascular risk factors | ||||
| SBP, mmHg | 141 (17) | 130 (17) | 130 (17) | 129 (17) |
| LDL cholesterol, mmol/L | 3.5 (0.8) | 4.0 (1.0) | 3.6 (1.0) | 3.7 (0.9) |
| Triglycerides, mmol/L | 2.0 (1.2) | 1.8 (1.3) | 1.7 (1.3) | 1.7 (1.0) |
| HbA1c, % * | 5.4 (0.6) | 5.8 (1.0) | 5.7 (0.7) | 5.9 (0.9) |
| Lifestyle (n, %) | ||||
| Current drinkers | 175,785 (95.3) | 321 (2.5) | 1,689 (17.6) | 777 (15.9) |
| Current smokers | 21,727 (11.8) | 4,880 (37.5) | 2,473 (25.7) | 1,110 (22.8) |
| Moderate physical activity | 85,042 (46.1) | 3,088 (23.7) | 2,431 (25.3) | 1,520 (31.2) |
| Tertiary education | 108,146 (58.6) | 2,497 (19.2) | 1,954 (20.3) | 828 (17.0) |
| WOMEN | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| White (n = 229,304) | Malay (n = 17,260) | Chinese (n = 15,682) | Indian (n = 5,990) | |
| Age, years | 56.3 (8.0) | 50.9 (6.3) | 50.9 (6.8) | (50.3) 6.5 |
| % Female | 55.4 | 57.0 | 62.0 | 55.1 |
| Anthropometry & body composition | ||||
| Weight, kg | 71.3 (13.8) | 64.0 (11.2) | 58.1 (9.8) | 65.1 (11.0) |
| Height, cm | 162.7 (6.2) | 152.9 (5.4) | 156.2 (5.4) | 154.4 (5.7) |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 27.0 (5.1) | 27.4 (4.5) | 23.8 (3.8) | 27.3 (4.4) |
| Total fat mass, kg | 26.8 (9.9) | 26.5 (8.0) | 21.1 (6.7) | 28.0 (7.9) |
| Appendicular lean mass, kg | 19.5 (2.5) | 15.0 (2.5) | 14.8 (2.6) | 14.6 (2.5) |
| Waist circumference, cm | 84.3 (12.4) | 85.0 (11.1) | 78.7 (9.5) | 86.9 (10.3) |
| Cardiovascular risk factors | ||||
| SBP, mmHg | 135 (19) | 129 (19) | 127 (19) | 126 (19) |
| LDL cholesterol, mmol/L | 3.7 (0.9) | 3.9 (1.1) | 3.5 (0.9) | 3.6 (0.9) |
| Triglycerides, mmol/L | 1.5 (0.9) | 1.4 (1.0) | 1.2 (0.8) | 1.4 (0.9) |
| HbA1c, % * | 5.4 (0.5) | 5.7 (0.9) | 5.6 (0.6) | 5.8 (0.9) |
| Lifestyle (n, %) | ||||
| Current drinkers | 211,610 (92.3) | 13 (0.1) | 462 (2.9) | 31 (0.5) |
| Current smokers | 19,611 (8.6) | 86 (0.5) | 350 (2.2) | 38 (0.6) |
| Moderate physical activity | 109,023 (47.6) | 4,193 (24.3) | 4,710 (30.0) | 2,069 (34.5) |
| Tertiary education | 122,936 (53.6) | 2,335 (13.5) | 2,524 (16.1) | 607 (10.1) |
*HbA1c measurements available in N = 4639 men and N = 6859 women in the Malaysian Cohort. The scale of HbA1c in UK Biobank (mmol/mol) was converted to the same units as TMC (%) using the formula: (HbA1c(mmol/mol)/10.929) + 2.15.