Table 1.

Comparative analysis of our device with other microfluidic systems that use permanent magnets for E. coli separation from blood

Reference	3D printing (yes/no)	Target bacteria	Recognition molecule	Specific detection	Specificity testing	Sample	Assay on-chip	Assay time	LOD (CFU/mL)
Our device	Yes (mould)	E. coli	RBP	Yes	S. aureus	Diluted Human blood	Mixing, reaction, and separation	30 min	102 - 107
[13]	No	E. coli	Engineered human opsonin- MBL	No	-	Human blood	Separation	> 1 h	104
[14]	No	S. aureus and E. coli	bis-Zn-DPA	No	-	Bovine diluted blood	Separation	-	106
[15]	No	E. coli	Anti E. coli antibody	-	-	Buffer with Human RBCs	Separation	-	106
[16]	Yes (device)	E. coli	Anti E. coli antibody	Yes	S. aureus,	Diluted Human blood	Separation	1 h	104
[17]	Yes (device)	E. coli	Anti E. coli antibody	Yes	S. aureus Salmonella enteritidis	Human blood	Separation	1 h	105

magnets for E. coli separation from blood

Legend: bis-Zn-DPA zinc-coordinated bis(dipicolylamine), MBL mannose-binding lectin, RBP receptor binding protein, RBCs red blood cells, LOD limit of detection

*Assay time comprises the mixing of bacteria and MNPs, reaction and separation with the permanent magnet