Table 1.
Studies included in the qualitative analysis
| Study | Participants | Duration (weeks) |
Program (type, intensity frequency, training duration) |
Measured outcomes | Results | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) and sport | Number and groups | |||||||||
| Aschendorf et al. [9] |
15.1 ± 1.1 Basketball |
N-24 E-11 C-13 |
5 |
E-specific basketball HIIT; 90–95% HRmax; 2 × a week; 25 min C-maintained a normal training |
BF FFM CMJ CMJa SJ YYIR1 COD Shuttle run 20 m |
E | C | |||
|
COD180 ↑ CMJ ↔ CMJa ↔ SJ ↔ YYIR1 ↑ BF ↔ FFM ↔ |
COD180 ↓* CMJ ↔ CMJa ↔ SJ ↔ YYIR1 ↔ BF ↔ FFM ↔ |
|||||||||
| Sanchez-Sanchez et al. [22] |
17.2 ± 1.1 Basketball |
N-12 HITCOD1-6 HITCOD3-6 |
6 |
HIITCOD1-90% Vift; 2 × a week on 6 regular trainings; 2 × 6 min HIITCOD3-90% Vift; 2 × a week on 6 regular trainings; 2 × 6 min |
V-cut RSA MAT Vift |
HIITCOD1 | HIITCOD3 | |||
|
V-cut ↑ RSA ↑ Vift ↑ |
MAT ↔ V-cut ↑* RSA ↑* Vift ↑* |
|||||||||
| Zeng et al. [23] |
19.9 ± 1.1 Basketball |
N-19 SSG-9 HIIT-10 |
4 | 3 × (6–9 min of 15′–15′ at 90–95% of Vift); 3 × a week |
20 m CMJ MAT RSA Vift |
SSG | HIIT | |||
|
20 m ↑ CMJ ↑ MAT ↑* RSA ↑* Vift ↑* |
20 m ↑ CMJ ↑ MAT ↑* RSA ↑* Vift ↑* |
|||||||||
| Alonso-Fernandez et al. [24] |
15.2 ± 0.6 Handball |
N-14 E-7 C-7 |
8 |
E-HIIT C-regular warm-up; HR = 85% + ; 2 × a week; 1–2 week: 4′ 3–4 week: 4′2′4 5–6 week: 4′2′4′2′4′ 7–8 week: 4′2′4′2′4′2′4′ |
BMI BF CMJ VO2max |
E | C | |||
|
VO2max ↑* CMJ ↔ BMI ↔ BF ↑* |
CMJ ↔ BMI ↔ |
|||||||||
| Jurišić et al. [25] |
16.20 ± 1.28 Handball |
N-24 SSG-12 HIIT-12 |
8 | 2 × (6–8 min of 15′–15′ at 90–95% of MAS with 3 min. recovery between series); 2 × a week |
CMJ SJ 20 m 30 m YYIR1 |
SSG | HIIT | |||
|
CMJ ↑* SJ↑* 20 m↑* 30 m ↔ YYIR1 ↑* |
CMJ ↑* SJ ↑* 20 m ↑* 30 m ↑* YYIR1 ↑* |
|||||||||
| Rowan et al. [27] |
19.4 ± 0.87 Soccer |
N-15 STR-8 COD-7 |
2 |
STR(1–3)–7 × 30 m; 3 series STR (4–6) 4 series COD(1–3)–7 × 20 m; 3 series COD (4–6) 4 series; 2 weeks; 3 × a week |
VO2max YYIR1 |
STR | COD | |||
|
VO2max↑* YYIR1 ↑* |
VO2max↑* YYIR1 ↑* |
|||||||||
| Wright et al. [8] |
13.4 ± 1.5 Soccer |
N-37 E1(pre-PHV)-6 E2(at PHV)-7 E3(after PHV)-24 |
8 |
All groups worked 2 blocks for 4 weeks #1 block-longer HIIT #2 block-SIT 1 block-1 week-1 training 2–4 week-2 trainings #2 block-5 week-2 trainings 6–7 week-2 trainings 8 week-1 training + individual training for all (1 × 70 min) |
20 m test YYIR1 |
E1 | E2 | E3 | ||
|
20 m↓* YYIR1↑ |
20↑m YYIR1↑ |
20 m↓* YYIR1↑* |
||||||||
| Arazi et al. [26] |
23.4 ± 1.3 Soccer |
N-16 E-8 C-8 |
6 |
(E) HR HIIT-90% from maximal speed (C) HIIT-90% from maximal speed (3 × a week + regular trainings) |
VO2max Vift |
(E) HR HIIT | (C) HIIT | |||
|
VO2max↑* Vift ↑* |
VO2max↑* Vift ↑* |
|||||||||
| Kinnunen et al. [31] |
22 ± 3 Ice hockey |
N-14 | 2 |
2 × a week HIIT 6 × 30c sprint with an ascent of 9.5% with a break of 4 min between each series |
CMJ SJ 11 m skiing 34 m skiing |
11 m skiing ↔ 34 m skiing ↔ CMJ ↔ SJ ↔ |
||||
| Funch et al. [32] |
19.29 ± 0.91 Field hockey |
N-14 HIIT(run)-8 HIIT(Tab)-6 |
4 |
12 trainings HIIT(run) 30 min run HIIT(Tab) 4 min (75–85%) |
VO2max | HIIT(run) | HIIT(Tab) | |||
| VO2max↑* | VO2max↑* | |||||||||
| Teixeira et al. [29] |
18.71 ± 1.94 Futsal |
N-14 SRIT1-7 SRIT3-7 |
5 |
SRIT1 (89%)-4 × 4 min; 3 min rest (7.5 s run–7.5 s rest) 16 shuttles; SRIT3 (86%)-4 × 4 min; 3 min rest (15 s run-15 s rest); 8 shuttles |
40 m Shuttle CMJ SJ VO2max |
SRIT1 | SRIT3 | |||
|
40 m Shuttle ↑ VO2max↑ CMJ ↑* SJ ↑* |
40 m Shuttle ↔ VO2max↑ CMJ ↑ SJ ↑ |
|||||||||
| Teixeira et al. [28] |
19.2 ± 2 Futsal |
N-16 SRIT1(7.5 × 7.5)-7 SRIT3(15 × 15)-9 |
5 |
SRIT1 (89%)-4 × 4 min; 3 min rest (7.5 s run-7.5 s rest); 16 shuttles; SRIT3 (86%)-4 × 4 min; 3 min rest (15 s run-15 s rest); 8 shuttles |
RSA VO2max |
SRIT1(7.5 × 7.5) | SRIT3(15 × 15) | |||
|
RSA↑* VO2max↑ |
RSA↑* VO2max↑ | |||||||||
| Afyon et al. [30] |
15.27 ± 1.10 Volleyball |
N-11 E-6 C-5 |
6 |
E-Tab; 2 × a week; 8 min C- maintained a normal training |
20 m test 20 m Shuttle CMJ |
20 m ↑* 20 m shuttle ↑* CMJ ↑ |
||||
N—total number of participants; E—experimental group; C—control group; HIITCOD1/3—high-intensity interval training with 1 or 3 change of directions; Vift—capacity at the last completed interval; V—cut-25 m maximum running with 4 changes of direction (4 cones); MAT—modified agility test; SRIT1/3—shuttle run interval training with 1 or 3 changes; Tab—Tabata training; PHV—pick height velocity; RSA—repeated sprint ability; STR—sprint training; SIT—sprint interval training; COD—change of direction; SSG—small-sided games; CMJ—countermovement jump; SJ—squat jump; CMJa—countermovement jump with arm swing; VO2max—maximal oxygen consumption; YYIR1—YoYo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 1; Vift—final 30–15 intermittent test velocity; MAS—maximal aerobic strength; BMI—body mass index; FFM—fat-free mass; BF—body fat; HR—heart rate; HRmax—maximum heart rate; COD180—change of direction for 180°; ↑—statistical significance (p < 0.05); ↑*—statistical significance (p < 0.01); ↓—statistical decrease (p < 0.05); ↓*—statistical decrease (p < 0.01); ↔—maintaining result