Table 4.
Pharmacological activities of phytochemicals and extracts of H. bonariensis
| Phytochemicals | Biochemical analysis/ biological assays | Pharmacological activity | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Not mentioneda |
1. Thiobarbituric acid reacting substances test 2. Reduced glutathione activity 3. Superoxide dismutase activity 4. Colorimteric assay of catalase |
Anticataract potential | Ajani et al. (2009) |
| Not mentioneda |
1. Triglyceride GPOPAP kit 2. Cholesterol CHODPAP kit 3. High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol precipitant determination 4. Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol calculation 5. Atherogenic risk index 6. Thrombin physicochemical transformation |
Cardioprotective effects | Ajani et al. (2012) |
| Not mentioneda | Patch clamp experiments for IK currents recording | Potential for management of cardiac arrythmias | Kaboua et al. (2021a) |
| Saponins (bonarienoside derivatives) | MTT ([3–(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] cytotoxicity assay | Anti-cancer potential | Tabopda et al. (2012) |
| Oleanane-type triterpenes | 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay | Antioxidant activity | Maulidiani et al. (2014) |
|
Flavonoids/ polyphenols |
1. DPPH radical scavenging assay 2. Metal chelating activity 3. Nitric oxide (NO) radical scavenging activity 4. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) scavenging activity |
Antioxidant activity | Ajani et al. (2017) |
| Not mentioneda | 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13 acetate (TPA)-induced ear edema in a mouse model | Anti-inflammatory effects | Ouviña et al. (2009) |
| Hexadecanoic acid methyl ester, falcarinol, phytol | Heat-induced albumin denaturation, human red blood cell (HRBC) membrane stabilization assays, haematological assessments, liver function tests | Anti-inflammatory effects | Obaseki et al. (2016) |
| Not mentioneda |
MTT cytotoxic assay Antichlamydial activity assays |
Inhibitory activity against Chlamydia trachomatis and Chlamydia pneumoniae | Entrocassi et al. (2021) |
| Dibenzylbutyrolactone lignans |
MTT cytotoxic assay Haemolytic activity test |
Inhibitory activity against Trypanosoma cruzi |
Souza et al. (2021) |
aNot mentioned as total leaf extracts were used