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. 2023 Jul 7;60(10):2619–2627. doi: 10.1007/s13197-023-05784-2

Table 2.

Crumb firmness (Force, N) and sensory evaluation of bread staling as affected by emulsan

Sample Crumb firmness (N) Sensory scores of bread staling
1 day 2 days 3 days 1 day 2 days 3 days
Control 90.45 ± 0.3541,c 215.60 ± 0.2832,c 425.70 ± 65.9023,c 3.00 ± 1.001,a 1.80 ± 0.8371,a 2.00 ± 0.7072,a
0.05% BE 150.45 ± 0.4951,b,c 205.30 ± 7.2132,b,c 319.30 ± 70.0043,b,c 2.60 ± 1.1401,a 1.80 ± 0.4471,a 1.40 ± 0.5482,a
0.2% BE 125.40 ± 6.9301,b,c 190.40 ± 0.1412,b,c 292.05 ± 73.3273,b,c 2.40 ± 0.5481,a 2.80 ± 1.9241,a 1.40 ± 0.5482,a
0.5% BE 102.80 ± 3.3941,a 150.50 ± 0.5662,a 210.25 ± 28.4963,a 2.40 ± 0.8941,a 2.60 ± 1.5171,a 2.00 ± 0.7072,a
0.75% BE 125.35 ± 7.4251,a,b 180.60 ± 0.4242,a,b 251.85 ± 43.7703,a,b 2.40 ± 0.8941,a 2.60 ± 1.1401,a 2.20 ± 0.4472,a
1% BE 112.00 ± 2.4041,a,b 170.30 ± 0.2832,a,b 259.40 ± 68.8723,a,b 3.20 ± 0.8371,a 3.20 ± 0.8371,a 1.80 ± 1.3042,a

Presented data are mean values ± SD

Different letters/numbers in the same column or in the same line indicate significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) according to Duncan’s multiple range test. R. BE: Bioemulsifier. Five-point hedonic scale ratings: 5 = like extremely and 0 = dislike extremely