. 2023 Aug 18;13:13498. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-38476-0

Table 3.

Impact of bark extract variables on the anti-parasitic activity observed in egg hatch assay (EHA) against two ovine GIN species.

Variable	T. colubriformis		T. circumcincta
Variable	p value	Significance	p value	Significance
Tree species	< .001	S1^b, S2^b, P^a	< .001	S1^b, S2^b, P^a
Season	0.025	S^b, W^a	< .001	S^b, W^a
Solvent	< .001	Wa^b, Ace-Wa^a, Met-Wa^a	< .001	Wa^b, Ace-Wa^ab, Met-Wa^a
Concentration	< .001	1000^a, 500^ab, 250^b, 125^c, 62^c	< .001	1000^a, 500^b, 250^c, 125^c, 62^c

Variables of bark extracts tested within GIN species included: Bark (S1): spruce, sawmill, ring debarking; (S2): spruce, pulp mill, drum debarking; (P): pine, sawmill, ring debarking; Season summer (S) and winter (W); solvent used in extraction (Wa) water, (Ace-Wa) acetone–water, (Met-Wa) methanol–water; tested at five different concentrations (µg DW/mL). Significant differences (one-way ANOVA, P ≤ 0.05) denoted with letters in superscript, where ^a > ^b > ^c.